Conservation managment Plan for Lancaster University grassland Essay - 1

Conservation managment Plan for Lancaster University grassland - Essay Example The institution is known for its extremely catchy setting and environment. The biodiversity of the campus is breathtaking (Cameron & White, 5). This enhances the quality of education since the image of high quality environment enhances good education outcomes to the lecturers, students and staff of Lancaster University. This article is going to survey the Conservation management plan for Lancaster University. The site that is chosen as topic is the universities grassland. Therefore, the article is going to name factors affecting the grassland at Lancaster University, features involved in the grassland, management objectives and rationale for features and/or factors and management action plan and order of priority. Grassland can be described as places where most of the vegetation is grass. Grassland is generally found in all continents since it grows by itself. The only place where there is no grassland is the Antarctica because of the chilly conditions, and mostly the ground is covered with snow thus hindering grass growth (Rich, 28). The University of Lancaster however, has very good climate which encourages the growth of a vast grassland area. Lancaster University sits on a large 264 acre piece of land. The land tenure is slightly above 50m elevation (Cameron & White, 10). The soil that encourages grassland growth at the institution is clay soil. The clay soil is good since it is rich in nutrients however, the soil is impermeable thus water is retained at the surface (Cook, 11). This means that plants that do well are ones that do not have long searching roots like plants. This is the reason why grass does well in this region. In addition, clay soils are heavily saturated in rainy climate w hich means shallow water tables thus water bodies can be easily made through craters. A well known crater is Lake Crater (Rich, 40). Grassland at the University of Lancaster can be said to be improved that is, it has been taken care of unlike

Comparative Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative Advantage - Essay Example It is however, critical to note that this advantage is relatively low as compared to other countries. In sectors like Mineral fuels and apparels, US is comparatively at disadvantage as compared to other countries and may be the net importer of goods and services following in both these categories. Finance and insurance sector also seem to lose its competitiveness as compared to other countries such as Japan and Switzerland. The data in table 5.1 indicates that US may not have comparative advantage in different sectors as compared to other countries. This may be owing to different factors including lack of room for economic expansion during recent years. Further, US economy is believed to be transitioning towards service based economy therefore different sectors of the economy may be losing their comparative advantage as other countries may be picking up from where US firms left the competition wide open for other economies. (Jagdish N. Bhagwati, Panagariya, & Srinivasan, 1998) Japan seems to enjoy greater level of comparative advantage in producing vehicles. This suggests that vehicle production in Japan is relatively cheaper as compared to other countries and Japan can enjoy relative comparative advantage in this sector. As compared to US, Japan is far ahead in producing vehicle much efficiently and at lower costs. Japan also seems to enjoy greater level of comparative advantage in producing electronic equipment and enjoys greater advantage over US. This may also indicates that Japan’s economy is still industrial based with strong focus upon maintaining industrial base of the economy through achieving better comparative advantage. A relatively positive comparative advantage is also enjoyed in the finance and insurance sector indicating that financial sector in Japan is relatively more efficient as compared to financial sector of US. This may also be

Advantages of organizational behaviour in an organization

Advantages of organizational behaviour in an organization Introduction Management deals with people, their ideas and things related to them. In a simple form management can be defined as the art of things getting done through people in groups organized formally [8]. Management is the process where groups of people are involved in performance of organized activities. In an organization with a large number of employees the process of management directs the managers to perform some functions such as planning, staffing, controlling, organizing and directing to get things done by others. Organizational behavior can be used to improve the management practices for influencing the employees effectively and working with them. Management is the key to obtaining organizational effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness depends on meeting the rapid changing requirements of the organization such as having the right people for the right job and at the right time. It helps understand the production and behavioral control in an organization. The study of organizational behavior in an organization has the following advantages: It helps to expand the horizon of management. It helps improve the organizational performance in line with the individual performance which include reward systems, leadership, motivation etc., It helps develop commitment among the employees to achieve their personal goals thereby achieving the goals of the company. It helps to understand, predict and control the behavior in the organization. There are numerous factors that determine the successful performance in an organization, but for our discussion we will consider few important factors which are as follows: Recruitment and Selection Training and development Reward through proper Performance Appraisal System Effective Communication Skills Developing Dedication by Motivating employees Also, there are many factors that contribute to the changing nature of work at organization, but the two main factors are: Current market scenario requires organizations to be more competitive and customer focused, hence there is an increased pressure on the organization The breakthrough in IT and communication is another factor. For example mobile and internet have made work to be separated from time and space. Organizations have changed their focus and their main principles are: Defining vision and values from the consumers perspective Creating a value chain i.e., defining activities and process that add value to customers and link them Remove activities that add no value to the organization. Reducing inefficiencies in the tasks in an organization. These principles have added value to the organization enabling them to respond rapidly to customers needs and supporting change and encouraging innovation. I would also be discussing the various changes in the nature of modern work environment relevant to the factors Ive stated above. Recruitment and Selection[5] Recruitment is process in which a qualified and suitable person is selected for a job in a company. The recruitment process is the responsibility of the HR department and various methods are available for this process such as interviews, aptitude test, questionnaires etc., It is a forming phase and is the most difficult phase for the managers. Let us consider the recruitment and selection process at Tesco. There are different ways through which Tesco advertises its vacancies. It first advertises its vacancy internally through intranet for two weeks. This provides an opportunity for the current employees looking for a change at the same level or for a promotion. Tesco advertises its vacancies on the web at www.tesco-careers.com for external recruitment. It also displays vacancy boards on its stores. For managerial positions the applications are made online. The applicants chosen will have to first undergo an interview and for the final stage they will have attendance at the assessment centre. A waiting list of applicants is prepared by the stores and as the jobs become available candidates are finalized. Specialist jobs as bakers and pharmacists are advertised externally through the following means: Through the web and offline media Through television and radio Through advertisements in newspapers and magazines. As many other companies Tesco also looks forward for cost- effective way of attracting applicants. Though advertising on media and magazines is expensive but sometimes this becomes essential to attract suitable people for the vacancy. Selection can be defines as selecting the most suitable person from the list of candidates who have applied for the vacancy taking into consideration the laws and regulations of employment. Screening is an important part of the selection process and ensures that the selected candidates for the interview will be best suited for the job. There are different stages in the screening process. In the first stage, the selectors at Tesco look through the CVs of the applicants as this briefs the candidates education and job history. A CV helps to assess whether the candidate meets the specification for the job. Screening is followed by the candidate who attends the assessment centre. This process takes place either in store and are run by managers. The candidates are assessed through various exercises such as team work and problem solving. This also provides consistency in the selection process. In the modern work environment, the selection and recruitment process has become more sophisticated and detailed to opt for the best knowledge and skills in the market. The number of screening processes that organizations hold to select the right candidates has increased and also the type of tests have become more radical in their approach. Tests such as psychological evaluation and stress interviews are a common practice in todays work environment. Training and Development Training is very essential for the newly recruited employees. It is also very essential for the employees already employed so that their skills are up to date and in line with the latest trends and technologies. Training is becoming an essential part of every organization these days. Employees are made to undergo training programs in order to maximize their potential to meet organization goals. Lets us consider Barclays for our case study here. Training is a very crucial task for the Human Resource department at Barclays. The main reason for this being the induction program helps employees understand the various policies and the structure of their jobs. This will also give employees enough time to adjust themselves to the environment in the organization together with inducing new ideas and skills in the employees. Training is the most difficult and challenging part in the organization as it is a continuous process where the trainer acting as a change agent makes trainees get familiar with the new organization. The following are the main training aims at Barclay: It helps to increase the level of confidence and motivation in employees It creates a feeling of achievement and personal satisfaction Improves the quality of staff and improves their skills. The above are the contributing factors that the help the HR achieve their goal of making the employees feel a part of the organization. Selecting a suitable a trainer is a very challenging issue as he a middleman between the employees and the organization. The trainer has the following responsibilities. The trainer must assess the need for training the individual and set up a training program for the employee in order to reach the ultimate goal of the organization. He must design the training program. The most important task at Barclays Plc is group participation. Hence the main aim of the trainer would be to encourage this task. The trainer acts as a messenger between the employees and the management. The trainer must make sure that the newly learned skills are being practically applied. He will decide the need for further training on the basis of the current performance appraisal. In the modern work environment employees are keener on keeping themselves in touch with the latest technological development. They always pick up skills and enhance their knowledge quotient so as to face the growing competition in the current work environment. Therefore employing training and development schemes would be easier and would improve the overall quality of the workforce. Performance Appraisal and Reward System Performance appraisal is a process where performance of an employee is assessed in terms of expected goals set for them. On the basis of performance appraisal the company decides promotions, terminations, the level of supervision and the duties and responsibilities to be assigned to the employees. During the phase of performance appraisal the actual performance of the employees is assessed and evaluated. The HRM is responsible for the performance appraisal and it is its duty to pass the information accurately and impartially to the management so that necessary and future corrective measures can be taken. The HRM faces the following issues during performance appraisal: Recognition and identification of an employees strengths and weaknesses. This will help to utilize the strengths more effectively and the necessary steps to be taken to overcome the individuals weakness. In certain cases employees should be given full effort, hence the HRM should identify the problems which are causing this. This also provides information needed for HR planning and act as an input to the HR department. This acts as a basis to make decisions such as strategies and future long term objectives. It is the duty of the human resource management to create a method of performance appraisal and system of reward. The method created should be in line with the objectives of training and development program. Defined standards should be set to measure performance. The HRM should decide who will be using the appraisal method and appraised by the method created. The HRM should gather feedback from the employees about the appraisal method created, this will act as source of boosting the employees morale. This will help the employees assess their strengths and weakness. This will further encourage the employees to do better to get a reward from the organization. Employees in the organization try to do tasks that will not alone get them rewards in the form of bonuses and incentives but recognition in form of certificates and medals and also appraisal for doing something new and innovative. This will help motivate the employees. In the case of Barclays the reward system is very important as this will help influence the employees to do something better and innovative. The reward system ultimately acts as a motivational factor for growth in future and is not an easy task. As this depends on the responsibility and the type of job being done.[7] If the performance management system is handled carefully and properly, leads to outstanding performance by employees and increases the level of motivation decreasing the absenteeism lack of morale of employees. Performance appraisal and reward schemes are vital in todays work environment because employees today are more influenced by the corporate lifestyle and are always in the lookout for better job opportunities and hiked salaries. Therefore it is essential for organizations to keep their employees loyal towards them, and the easiest and most effective way of doing it is performance appraisal and reward schemes. Effective Communication Skills Effective communication is nothing but an art of conveying our message clearly to other people. It involves a lot of effort for effective communication as any error or distortion will result in misinterpretation of message. Lack of effective communication may result in lack of information, misunderstandings, employee performance may decrease which may ultimately affect the companys turnover. Ineffective communication may become a source of conflict and frustrate the employees. The managers inability to communicate effectively may lead to the inability of employee not performing well as per the company demands. This happens when the employee is not aware of what is requested of him and ultimately leads employee dissatisfaction. Effective communication has its own benefits in the workplace. Effective communication from managers to employees will result in the employees doing their job well. A good management style together with a positive communication approach will be quite effective in the workplace and will lead to better understanding between the employee and manager. For an organization to be successful communication should happen both internally and externally. Internal communication: between management and employees. External communication: this takes place between staff and clients. Let us consider Vodafone as a case study to illustrate the effective communication skills[3] Internal Communication[2]: this takes place inside the organization between the employees and management. Here the employees act as stakeholders. This communication may take place in any of the forms listed below: Vertically: this the top down approach which happens from the senior employees to juniors associates. The ultimate goal here is to improve the performance of tasks and make the junior employees understand the companys priorities and requirements. Horizontally: this takes places between various teams and across departments. The goal here is to make sure roles are effectively carried out and tasks completed. Intranet with restricted access to people within the business is a great tool for promoting better communication. External communication[1] :this takes place with customers. Vodafone has laid a principle for communication as We will communicate openly and transparently with all of our stakeholders within the bounds of commercial confidentiality. Vodafone believes that this will reduce the barriers to communication. It makes sure that its messages are conveyed both verbally and non verbally. For verbal communication the company has set contact centers so that the staff can be in direct contact with the customers and further giving an opportunity for its staff to talk to the customers about the issues. Non verbal communication can take place through various methods such as advertisements in television, newspapers and other media, the Vodafone logo. This also acts as a method of determining the position of the brand. Further methods of non verbal communication include SMS to contact certain customers. Sales information can be reached out to customers through literature in the Vodafone shops. The many forms of communication through which Vodafone reaches out to its customers are as below: Promotion and sales material- Vodafone makes sure that the advertising material is correct and follows its Business principles. This also helps the information reaches out responsibly to its stakeholders together with promoting its products and services. Awareness and Information: Vodafone promoted the use of mobile phones responsibly in the cars. It took the complex material and translated the information in easy to understand form and made the public aware of the new law and appropriate use of phones in the car. Explanation and guidance: mobile phones have health effects on human beings. But the latest scientific research has something new and Vodafone needs to convey these findings clearly to the customers. Communication in todays work environment is not only important as a means of better process flow but also as a means to bring all the employees together as a single unit. This is really beneficial when the employees have to work in a team environment. In todays work environment, employees have access to social network websites which are capable to increase the bond between employees and improve their effort as a team. Motivation to dedicate Employees A well motivated staff is a key to a productive and pleasant environment in a workplace. Motivating the employees must be one of the key responsibilities of a manager. An effective management and leadership reflect through effective motivation of employees in the workplace. Understanding the human nature is a key to effective employee motivation. The key to performance improvement in an organization is motivation. Motivation is very essential for any business to survive and excel. Motivation is a skill and must be learnt. Performance can be defined as a function of ability and motivation as below Job performance= function (ability)(motivation) Ability depends on education and training. Motivation has the following seven strategies through which it can be initiated: Fair treatment of people Positive and high expectations Discipline Satisfying the needs of the employees Setting goals at work To restructure the jobs Set rewards and recognition for performance Every organization has its own ways to motivate the employees to ensure that goals and targets are reached [4]. Motivation plays a vital role in todays work environment. Due to the cut-throat competition between organizations, it can be seen as a common practice for organizations to hire their rivals best workforce. So as to avoid that, employees need to be motivated not only in terms of their incentives and salary packages for their physical needs, but also with praise and recognition and better work environment to ease their psychological needs. Obstacles to Effective Performance The main obstacles to effective performance in an organization are as follows: Culture Change Conflict Culture Culture is related to beliefs, values and customary ways of doing things. The main reason for employees leaving the company is cultural mismatch. According to the present culture employees are required to have a clear understanding of short term and long term goals. The employees are required to have a shared vision and values as well as being productive and motivated. The organizational culture is determined by the leadership style and practices in an organization and hence plays an important role especially during acquisitions and mergers. Every organization has a set of values and beliefs. When an employee is exposed to a new culture, the individual goes through a state known as culture shock. When the companies merge the employees from the non dominant company need to adapt themselves to the new culture of the dominant company. Let us consider Barclay Plc for instance. Barclay acquired Lehman Brothers and one of the major issues for Barclay after this acquisition is to take into consideration the two different cultures in these two companies. Most of the employees of Lehman Brothers have left Barclay and a few did not join Barclay. This makes it clear that the employees are not ready to adapt to the new values, leadership styles, beliefs and practices of the Barclay culture. One of the biggest challenges to the management at Barclay is to make employees accept the new culture. The change in culture ultimately has an effect on the motivation level of the employees, their commitment to the organization and their engagement in work. Another consequence of an acquisition is that the individuals from the non dominant organization will feel like loss of identity and the others will have a superior feeling. This will ultimately affect the company achieve its goals and objectives. Another major issue of culture when the two organizations were merged is it will divert the attention of the employees and make the less productive. The attention of employees will be diverted to issues such as job security , feeling of discomfort working with new employees. Job security is the main issue as there will be duplication of departments and to manage the staff, the organization can reduce the manpower. The job profiles may be redesigned which may have an impact on the performance of the employees. The employees motivation, attitude and performance are determined by the culture. Motivation and culture go hand in hand. More an employee is motivated; the culture will be healthier. The key factor to be dealt in any organization is motivation. If an employee is not motivated properly then the employee will have problem accepting the new culture which will impact the individuals ability to do the job effectively and efficiently. The company should have flexible culture if a decision of acquisition is taken. This will allow the new employees to adjust to the new culture. Culture reflects the style of management and leadership. A slight change in the values, leadership style and ideas will help the new employees adjust to the new environment. This is not easy task, but since Barclays has taken a decision of merger it should be ready to consider changes in its culture and leadership style. Change Except for change nothing is constant in this world. Every activity in an organization results in some change. It can have a positive or negative effect depending on the communication made through change. The acquisition of Barclay and Lehman Brothers bought together a huge change in both organizations. New strategies and policies, procedures and work environment were created for work in both organizations. Change should involve people and not be imposed on people. Preparing the employees of an organization for change is a very vital task and it is the responsibility of the management to do this. This can be done through various methods such as through oral communication, via training programs or through counseling. The major reason for the Lehman employees leaving Barclays when the two organizations were merged is that the change was not managed properly. The key principles needed when planning to manage change are as follows: Every person reacts to change differently. Each person is different and has its own perceptions and preferences. A few people always look forward to change and new things and it easy to handle them. But it is a very difficult to handle people who always like things the way they were. These kind of people will experience stress and dissatisfaction and negative attitude towards their counterparts preferences. Every person has his own needs and priorities A few people work just for money but a few for the self and social identification. Change can be managed effectively by designing jobs in a better way through job redesign, job rotation management etc. Managing expectations realistically The organization should make clear to its employees that it cannot make everyone happy at the same time and this should be communicated effectively and realistically. The relation between expectations and reality is very important. The management should do the tasks listed below in order to manage change effectively: The management should inspire people and set certain objectives, goals and values for the organization It should set up a communication network such as face to face interaction so that new ideas and policies can be easily communicated. If there are any obstacles in the way of communication then those should be removed as this will help people accept change. Change can be made inevitable by promotions, recruitments and rewards. Conflicts When Barclays merges with Lehman conflicts were natural to arise as people from two different cultures and two different companies were merging. Starting with small disputes, conflicts may reach to higher levels which will ultimately affect the organization. Since the culture of both organizations is different each will have its own ideas, strategies, perspectives and goals. The different types of conflict that may arise when people of two different cultures merge are as follows: Conflict with boss Since the manager has a more experience and bigger perspective it will not be good to encounter conflict with the boss. In order to avoid such a conflict it is better not to question his authority and any ideas and views should be presented in the form of suggestions. Conflict with colleagues Different point of view will lead to conflict between employees. This can be done resolved through proper communication. Conflicts with the subordinates Conflicts can be handles effectively by one of the following ways: Each person should be given freedom to express their views. Conflicts can be sorted to a greater level by identifying positive minded people. Not everyone may have a broad vision as ours. So communicating and discussing our vision will help keep conflicts away. Conclusion The base of any organization depends on the policy, the values, the vision, the philosophy and goals set by the management. These act as the driving force for the organizational culture. Culture in a workplace determines the leadership style, the type of communication and group dynamics within the organization. The employees in the organization perceive the culture as a quality essential at work which has an impact on the degree of the employees motivation. This ultimately affects the performance, personal growth and self development which ultimately affect the organization from achieving its goals. The above discussed concepts such as communication, motivation, culture etc, make up only a small part of the theories of organizational behavior and theory. The success of any organization is determined by the application of the concepts of organizational behavior in the organization. The best way to handle conflicts in a workplace is to address them through discussions and debates. Conflict can have a positive effect within the organization if it is addressed effectively. A successful manager is one who takes time to address and deal with the conflict. This in turn will lead to a healthy and diverse work environment.

Goodfellas Essay -- Movie Film Goodfellas Essays

Goodfellas (Goodfellas is the film adaptation of the non-fiction book ?Wiseguy?, written by Nicholas Pileggi. The film charts the rise and fall of Henry Hill?s thirty year career within the New York mafia. The film was released in 1990 and was directed by Martin Scorsese. Goodfellas stars Ray Liotta as Henry Hill, Lorraine Bracco as Karen Hill (Henry?s Wife), Robert Dc Niro as James Conway and Joe Pesci as Tommy DeVito. The film begins with one of the most horrific and sickening moments to appear in a film, the murder of Billy Batts. At this point the viewer knows nothing of the background events that run up to this scene. Additionally, the characters are not yet known, so there is no emotional baggage being carried with the characters that might detract from the degree of sickening violence contained within the scene. Even more shocking is the fact that the scene ends with the voiceover by Henry saying, ?As far back as I can remember, I always wanted to be a gangster?. This statement seems absurd after witnessing such a callous murder, why would anybody want to be involved in such things? This is precisely what Scorsese wants the viewer to think, he has drawn the viewer in. Narration is an important mechanism that Scorsese employs throughout the film. The narration is carried out by both Henry and Karen Hill. What this tells the viewer is that the events being shown have already occurred. The narrators are telling the stoly in the past tense. This could have introduced a major problem, by having only Henry narrate throughout the film the viewer would know that He survived the lifestyle. Having Karen narrate as well has allowed Scorsese to introduce an element of doubt into the film, the viewer no longer knows whether e... ...ted when Tommy decides to kill Billy Batts for insulting him. Tommy knows that if it is discovered that he killed this ?made? man, a man that is effectively untouchable, he will be killed in return. Tommy goes ahead and kills him, if he does not his reputation will be irreparably damaged, and his reputation is his life. Scorsese underlines how low these characters are when Henry fmally sits in court and gives evidence against James Conway, his partner, and Paul Cicero, his boss. Henry is in effect a coward, he turns in these people rather than face the consequence of his actions. Henry is doing what he has always done, he looks out for himself. Bibliography The Internet Movie Database http://www.imdb.com EUFS: the film society http:/Iwww.eufs.orE.uk/fiIms/goodfellas.html Review from Cinemania 1994 http:llmembers.aol.com/tonywestoklpnvate/2oodfela.htm

Case Study Team and Team Processes

In the case study Team and Team Processes, Nurse A and Nurse B have two different concepts of what is team work. Johnson (2009) states that,† a team is a type of group. Consequently, all teams are groups, but not all groups are teams. The following three interventions will discuss conflict management, role conflict, and striving toward the same goal. This paper will discuss the case study variances in Nurse A and Nurse B teams. In the following paper I will classify a minimum of three interventions to recommend addressing concerns expressed by Nurse B. The interventions being discussed are conflict management, role conflict, and striving toward the same goal. In closing, the recommended interventions will be justified and explanation. A group consists of two or more people who interact with each other and share a common purpose (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). A team is a type of group (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Teams are a critical fragment of any group, particularly within healthcare organization. Each person on a team plays a vital role in ensuring that all needs are met, task are completed daily, and patients are being cared for properly. Teams are an important portion of any organization, particularly within healthcare. Each person on a team plays a vibrant part in confirming all organization prerequisites are met, undertaking are complete regularly, and patients are properly being cared for. Teamwork and collaboration between all health professionals results in high quality clinical care, and increased job satisfaction for staff (Begley, 2009). When team members disagree on the same goal, usually it ends in conflict among the team. Healthcare managers understand it is important to control and manage conflicts within the organization. The fundamentals to positive conflict management is for both teams to assist in solving the conflict and problem oppose to proving each other wrong. In the case study Nurse B express concerns regarding working with equivalent staff members of the surgical team. The moral and atmosphere of the team is increasingly deteriorating. In addition, the team’s job contentment and desire to go to work has severely been impacted. For a team to be effective providing quality care, the atmosphere of the team should be received and respected. Better outcomes will be achieved when team members perceive supportive team atmosphere and an empowering team contact with clear and jointly developed goals, an appropriate mix of skill and expertise, and rewards links to team performance (Proenca 2007). After additional analysis of the case study, conflict management among team members should always be addressed. Resolving conflict can be a continuous balancing act for healthcare staff because it is demanding and confusing. Conflict management is vital for the success of healthcare organizations. Learning, as an organization, to constructively manage and succeed in conflict situations is a foundational construct of leadership and management (Ledlow, 2009). Currently six different conflict styles exist: (1) accommodating, (2) avoiding, (3) collaborating, (4) competing, (5) compromising and (6) problem solving. The surgical team displays conflict style of avoiding â€Å"potential disruption outweighs the benefits of resolution, gathering information supersedes immediate decision making, others can resolve the conflict more effectively and issues seem a result of other issues,† (Ledlow, 2009). Nurse B instead of having to contract the Physician Assistant regarding the issues, should have been comfortable enough to address the concern with the physician. The surgical team of Nurse B is experiencing role conflict. Conflict arises when a focal person’s ideas of his or her requirements are incongruent with expectations from roles set members (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). In healthcare organization it is important for all staff to know and understand his or her role. For Nurse B team to be an effective and successful team each member should identify what type of teams is essential and mutually allows the job to get done. When the teams comes together the effort will demonstrate group cohesion. Once the team is established, each member must continuously try to strive towards the same objectives and goals. A good recommendation for Nurse B surgical team is Intervention techniques. Intervention always help to improve situations among the team. Intervention can be wither conflict resolution or training sessions, team structure made by changes, and developing guidelines identifying team members roles. Intervention provides training for team members on what procedures are current and procedures no longer being utilized. Goal setting training leads to greater effectiveness at the individual level and improved team efficiency (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). In conclusion, the surgical team of Nurse B will be effective once team’s members identify his or her conflicts and works as a team, consequently refining the effectiveness and value of the unit. In a team, individuals’ actions are interdependent and coordinated, each member has a specified role, and members share common task goals or objectives (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Conflict management and role conflict can hinder the success of a team. Role conflict arises when a focal person’s ideas of his or her requirements are incongruent with expectations from role set members (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Communication and trust is important to any team with a healthcare organization. A key element to healthy group dynamics is role expectation or communication. Healthcare manager’s role is to ensure that every person of the team understands what his or her role are. . Healthcare administrators must take steps to design better teams, train team members to work together, manage team performance, structure the work performed by the team and provide support to team members (Erpfeev, Glazer & Ivanitskaya, 2009).

Family and the Sociological Theories Essay

Since time immemorial, men have been petrified by sociology. The most basic definition of sociology is the study of human social behavior and grouping (Alexander, 1982). Sociology largely focuses on social relationships and the ramifications of these relationships on peoples’ behavior. There have been numerous attempts to understand and explain seemingly challenging situations in a society. These attempts constitute the various sociological theories which are geared towards giving explanations to the various phenomena in the society (Alexander, 1982). It is within the scope of this study to highlight on the impact of the sociological theories on the family institution. Introduction Sociological theories are sets of statements that endeavor to offer explanations to problems, phenomena, or human behavior (Alexander, 1982). Normally these theories are both explanatory and are versed with the ability to predict predictive on some occurrences in society. Essentially such a theory can assist in seeing the synergy among seemingly remote social phenomena (Turner, 2006). The family is the basic social institution and everyone belongs to one. The behaviors of the various family members in one family may be petrifying. There are various explanations of the various behaviors and phenomena in the family offered by the three sociological theories (Turner, 2006). The impacts of these behaviors as explained by the sociological theories are quite interesting and will be studied in this study. The sociological theories in mind are the functionalism, conflict, and interactionism theories. The events of the various members in the family can be sufficiently summarized by the explanations offered by these theories. It is from these events that the characteristics and roles of the various family members are based. This study will highlight the particular impact of each of theses theories on the family institution. Methodology Various relevant literary materials featuring research done on the subject of sociology and sociological theories are studied keenly in bid to reveal on the explanation of sociology and social behavior through the sociological theories. The data gathered and analyzed in the study is carefully studied to shed some light on the interesting history in the impact of the various theories on the occurrences witnessed in the family institution. The studies did not leave behind information which highlighted on the impact of these theories on the behaviors of individual family members and how they interact. The results are collected from these secondary sources, analyzed and presented using the trendiest of modern scientific methods. The interplay between the various sociological theories as they impact the family institution will be highlighted in the discussion part of this study. The conclusion part of the study will involve a recap of the issue of sociology and the sociological theories and the synergy between them. Literature Review Alexander (1982) portrays sociology as a very intricate area to comprehend as it has always being perceived by man. Sociology is perceived in the three major sociological theories. These theories postulate that the occurrences in the society can be summarized by the functionalism, conflict, and interactionism theories. Taking the case of the family institution, for instance, behaviors of the various family members and the phenomena in the family can be fully explained by the various sociological theories. According to the functionalism theory, the family is an anthology of interdependent parts which have a penchant toward a common goal. In the same institution there are functional necessities that must be met for it to survive (Alexander, 1982). The occurrence of some peculiar phenomena is for the purpose of serving a required function in the family (Turner, 1988). In this theory, society is likened to a living organism because both are made up of interdependent parts and systems which function in harmony for the overall functioning of the larger body. Most literary materials concur that each member of the family is pivotal in the ultimate of the successful family union. There are a number of criticisms of functionalism theory presented by some materials. There are several materials which view this theory as indistinct and lacking in sufficient methods. Despite the fact that there are a number of there a couple of materials offering criticism, this theory stands steadfast in explaining the phenomena (Turner, 1988). The conflict social theory contends that individuals and groups in a given society have various amounts of resources and that the more affluent social classes and individuals use their power to take advantage of groups with less power (Turner, 2006). This exploitation is largely through economics or by force. It is this disparity in the society which catalyses social disorder. In the family scenario, the theory is portrayed in the ensuing conflicts within the family members and its serves to offer explanation that this conflict is as a consequence of social conflicts in the family institution. There are a couple of materials which portray the family institution as revolving around the conflict perspective of sociology. In fact the essence of formation of the family is more often than not a function of the couples’ rebellion from the larger parent family (Turner, 2006). Interactionism is a sociological perspective in which human beings are surrounded by meaningful objects and symbols. These meaningful symbols include material things, events, fellow people, associations, and even plain symbols. These symbols are revered as superb and important in human communication. They carry with them common social meaning that is naturally understood and adored by all members of a society (Alexander, 1982). The case of the family presents such a situation where the members of the families are driven by the symbols known and respected by all in that family. The fact that the family as a social institution is made in the interactionism perspective makes the unit stronger and unwavering. For instance the children look up at the prowess of the parents and this fortifies the bond between them. Research Findings In summary the study revealed the following: first it was found that the various human behavior and phenomena are fully explained through the three major sociological theories (Alexander, 1982). In the family institution, functionalism theory is quite rife. It is the same theory which provides the essence of the various family members to continue being in the institution. Every member of the family is supposed to play some very vital role in the attainment of the common good of the family (Turner, 1988). The family life and phenomena is explained further by the social conflict theory. According to this theory the occurrences and events witnessed in the family are primarily caused by the struggles against conflicts in that family. This clearly defines the reserved feelings of each of the members of the family towards each other. Then there is the al important interactionism theory which defines largely the in built feelings of each family member. It is regarded that the family members have grounds of commonality which they look up to. Each one of the family members is deemed to be conversant with these unwritten laws governing the family. They al work and behave in manners likely to suggest that they are aiming at the same goals (Turner, 2006). Research Discussion This study has done tremendous work to highlight on the intriguing issue of unraveling the cause for sociology. In the family institution, the theory of functionalism makes the family come up together in the first place (Alexander, 1982). At some age one feels that they need to have the responsibilities expected of him in the family by marrying. Those who attempt to alter the norm of the duo in the institution by adopting the single parent euphoria at the end of the day find it quite difficult. This follows the coming up of children since the society expects that. The parents look at the children as very important now and in their future old age. The children depend on the parents largely for basic and other needs. This realization makes the two groups stay in harmony since they need each other (Alexander, 1982). According to the social conflict theory, the family comes up in the first place owing to the need of the couple to move away from shared resources (Turner, 1988). They start their own home and live happily. This perspective explains the trend in divorce and such other attempts of reversing the union. They are a consequence of the conflicts in the family. The conflicts between the children and parents define sour relations where the children in this case are said to be unruly and rebellious (Alexander, 1982). The society sees such groups as erroneous without knowing the epicenter of the situation. Interactionism explains a great deal the respect parents command from their children. These children perceive their parents as symbols of success and therefore form a liking for them. Â  This perspective also explains the parents’ initiatives of introducing the children to healthy social ethics and institutions like the church and school. It is from these places where the children will learn to be responsible by heeding those generally accepted symbols (Turner, 2006). Conclusions From the discussion in the study, the behaviors of members of the society are best explained by the sociological theories (Alexander, 1982). Therefore, it is in order to conclude the family institution is largely dependent on the perspectives of sociological theory. These theories clearly and sufficiently explain the occurrences and the behavior of the various members of the family. The failure of each member to participate in the expected duty is quite consequential in determining the satisfaction level derived from the institution (Turner, 1988). References Alexander J. (1982). Theoretical logic in sociology. Abingdon Oxford: Taylor & Francis. Turner J. (1988). A theory of social interaction. Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press. Turner J. (2006). Handbook of Sociological Theory. New York: Springer.

Election 2004 essays

Election 2004 essays Current Republican President, George W. Bush of Texas, has shown the country that he takes a strong stand on issues he is faced with. Democrat, John Kerry, a current senator and Vietnam veteran from Massachusetts, is liberal on social issues and moderate on economics and foreign policy. President George Bush and Senator John Kerry are both presidential candidates in this years election. As candidates, the two men are put under the spotlight and are pressed to share their opinions about the issues within our nation. One of the many topics that the candidates often speak about are "social issues". In the following paragraphs I will explain in detail, John Kerry and George Bush's opinions on abortion, the death penalty, drugs, gun control, and education. Overall, George Bush opposes abortion. He has exceptions that include cases of rape, incest, or to save a woman's life. He does not support international groups that offer abortion. He accepted the FDA approval of RU-486, the drug that is taken orally to induce abortion, but thinks it is wrong and is quite concerned about overuse. He wants to ban partial-birth abortions and try to reduce abortions all together. He would like to do so by encouraging adoption and abstinence. George Bush says, "Good people can disagree; but let's value life". Bush also beleives every child, both born and unborn, ought to be protected. Therefore, he supports the legislation to extend the 14th amendment, protections to unborn children. He supports the GOP (Grand Old Party - Republican Party) abortion plank but disagrees on the exceptions. He supports the Parental Notification Law and the Child Custody Protection Act for minor females who seek an abortion. He also opposes school-based clinics that provi de referrals and counseling for contraceptive techniques and abortion. Bush beleives that Kerry's abortion stance shows the wrong priorities. John Kerry supports a woman's right to an abortion. He holds back...

The 10 Commandments Of Writing Great Copy

The 10 Commandments Of Writing Great Copy What does it take to write great copy? Great copy looks different depending upon where you find it; each audience has a different set of copywriting rules that they respond to. Great blog copy might make terrible ad copy, and vice versa. So lets talk about the copy youre creating for your website and blog. What rules apply? 1. Write as a conversation. People prefer conversations rather than lectures. Lectures talk down to them, while conversations speak with them on the same level. How do you write conversationally? Theres a real human here. When I write, I have a specific person in mind as I write. I need a face to write to, or I write generic, faceless posts. This approach keeps me from acting as if I am lording over a reader, but sitting next to her and having a conversation about something. Perhaps it is a fan on Twitter or a reader who left a comment who I am thinking of when writing. This is made easier when you listen to your audiences feedback and write posts that they request or suggest. Second person over there. When you illustrate with a real-life example, its OK to use the first-person (I, me, we). For the rest of your post, use second person (you, yours). Grammar says no, dont mix the two, but think of how you carry on a conversation. You should stay away from skunks. Why? I had a bad experience once. Thought it was a cat. You really want to avoid that. You can mix the two in your blog copy if you reserve I for your examples and stories, and you for the rest. The point is to be conscious of it, and not sloppily mix we and you from one paragraph to the next when no illustration or personal story is involved. 2. Dont fall in love with your pets. Kill them. You have pet phrases that you love. These are the ways of handling words and ideas that you return to again and again. Maybe you are like Ronald Reagan, and prefer to start everything with a well, Your pets have been loyal and served you well and you dont even notice them anymore, but not everyone who visits your blog appreciates your dog jumping up on them and slobbering all over their face every paragraph or so. During the edit process, look for the so, but, well, therefore that dont need to be there. Youll often see them at the start of a sentence. Look for the larger phrases, too. At the end of the day, to make matters worse, if you can believe it, they arent necessary. They are pets, not work horses. You want words that do work, not look cute. 3. Make friends with simplicity. Simple is good. If churning out copy is what you do all day, youll find it easy to bloat your writing. Words are what you think of and write all day long, and when weariness seeps in, your copy starts to bloat because it is  more difficult to write simple sentences that it is to write long sentences. When you are tired of writing, your copy gets bloated. Simple writing takes more work.You are free to start complicated, as long as you end up simple. Thats part of the blog writing system we use here. What is simple copy? Speaks plainly and directly.  Says what it means to say. Not laden with gimmicks, either in words or ideas. Has breathing room, both in white space on the page and the sound of the sentences (mix short with long sentences). Clear ideas. No meandering around. Skips jargon and impossible words that make readers feel stupid when they dont understand. Stand up straight and speak directly. If youre afraid to say something in your copy, wrapping it in pet phrases and caveats doesnt soften the blow. It merely makes it mushy. 4. Write to sell. All writing is selling. It pains me to say that out of fear of being crass, but even fiction writing is selling. It sells an ideology, a philosophy, a fantasy, a hope, a chance. You have to know what you are selling with your copy before you can write the copy.

Age of Enlightenment and Course Materials

Step I: Basic, factual analysis of a reading 1. List three examples of events/methods from Voltaire’s Candide which you believe best illustrate the issues related to the Scientific Revolution and to the Enlightenment. . The reaction of the Portuguese Inquisitor about the earthquake. b. The lifestyle of people in El Dorado. c. The despair of Paquette and the monk Brother Giroflee 2. Now for each point above, explain why this example illustrates these issues. a. Tsunami and earthquake’s acknowledgement are proof of developing science. The reaction of the Inquisitor for trying to kill Candide and Pangloss because of the earthquake is a typical example of the abuse of the church on people. It’s used to prove that what the church said is wrongful and people foolishly believe in what they are told. b. El Dorado is essentially the utopia of nobles, people living during the Enlightenment era. Street are covered with precious stones No Priests All of the king’s jokes are funny. Nobody care about gold or fighting over gold in the kingdom. King is kind and helpful. c. It’s the freedom of expression about their philosophies in life. They are noticing the ugly truth of their life as a sexual object and obeying religion against the will of person. . Finally, place each point above into the historical context (this means to make direct connections of this point to other specific information you have learned about the era from the other course materials) a. The Lisbon earthquake in Nov 1, 1755. b. French revolution in 18th century. c. The Seven Years War. 4. Compare Candide to the Appendix from Theodicity by Wilhelm Gottfried Leibnitz (found in the course mate rials under Assignments and Quizzes / Candide Assignment). List one example where the two sources agree. God did not choose the best course. . List one example where the two sources differ from each other. Every event is predetermined. 6. What do you think it means if the materials agree? It’s consistent among authors about the philosophy of religion belief/ life. Therefore, it’s a creditable source of outcome for further studies. When a material is proven to be true in two or more sources, its defense is stronger to believe in. It’s easier for readers, scholars to utilize in debating an issue. It opens way for discussion of an idea from multi perspectives. 7. What should you do with information that differs? First, I don’t pick which side I’ll support and which I’ll not. Search for facts (if possible), logical reasoning. Evaluating idea from my own experiences. Asking other people about their thought on both sides, then I compare and contrast both idea against each other’s. The result could end up be one side over another or a combination of both. PART II: How to use a period piece of literature (here answer the questions using your common sense and critical thinking skills) 1. List two reasons why students should be cautious in using a piece of literature in historical analysis. a. Piece of literature consists of belief and opinions, which are strongly opposed to historical analysis requiring good use of data, event. b. Piece of literature is written in a mocking way of the real society. Students should pay attention to the reliability of author of such piece to avoid bias in historical analysis. 2. Give an example from Voltaire’s book for each of the reasons raised a bove. a. Candide and Pangloss’s optimism – which are reflecting the belief of Voltaire They are opinion not facts. There are uncertainties about the truth of the society behind this thought. b. Voltaire’s idea of El Dorado: Once again, this is the utopia of Voltaire, which may or may not be the haven of other people. Believing in such event is over generalizing the thought of people in the society. 3. List two reasons why students should use a period piece of literature. a. It gives the idea, thought of people who are living in the society at that time. It’s more relevant than assuming the life condition base on dry facts. b. It’s useful when students want to do a compare and contrast to the theory they are studying. It gives students various perspectives to view an issue. 4. Now give an example from Voltaire’s book for each of the reasons raised above. a. The tsunami, earthquake in Lisbon and the reaction of the Inquisitor. b. Life of labor in the society during the whole stories. PART III: Sketching out an Essay In this section of the worksheet, you will see how all the course materials start to come together. If you were writing an essay, you would want to draw your conclusions and make your inferences using a wide variety of examples to make your points and provide supporting evidence (which would likely lead to an â€Å"A† paper). Keep this in mind as you answer the rest of the questions here. Now, suppose I were to assign the following essay topic (DO NOT WRITE AN ESSAY): In the period between the middle of the seventeenth century and the French Revolution Europe underwent a period of transformation in terms of scientific and social thought with had far-reaching implications in legal issues as well. Examine the impact of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment on European politics, law, and society. What examples would you use from Candide book (taking into consideration the concepts we have just worked with in Parts I and II) to back up/illustrate your analysis of each of the following points (give one example per each). Once again, you need to consider ALL that you have learned from the course materials, not just from reading this book. 1. One key impact of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment on European society: 2. One key impact of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment on European politics: 3. One key impact of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment on European law: Now broaden out your analysis to use other documents/textbook/readings or other non-textbook materials/lectures. Give two examples for each of the three categories above: 1. Scientific Revolution like Copernicus’s theories about the earth and sun, which the earth is not the center of our solar system. This went against the way that churches were teaching (Before, Plato believed that Earth was the center of the universe). Also, Galileo Galilei with the discovery of telescope and the law of the pendulum, both prove that Aristole was wrong. Both of them prove that Church could be wrong in science by their scientific method and reason. In the end, people began to ask themselves that what if they can understand other things in life by using scientific method and reason. Started back in 1500s, people went on to use reason, experiment, and observations to develop and progress. . John Locke was a philosopher. He believed that people were able to govern themselves; therefore he did not like the absolute monarch. He wanted more power for ordinary people (because everybody is born free and were right to life, liberty, and property. Later, his book had a big effect on what we think about politics and government today. Voltaire was one of the most important philosophers of the Enlightenment. H e spent much of his life to criticize the church for freedom of religion and speech. In Voltaire’s idea, the best ruler would be an enlightened monarch, who studied the science of government and protected the basic rights of the people. The philosophes were concerned about social and religious issues. They encouraged education as the way to end ignorance, and superstition. 3. Deism was the idea that universe was created by a higher being (God). According to deist, there are no supernatural acts, such as miracles, manifestation, messages; they considered it as religious superstition. The Spirit of the Laws by Montesquieu, who argued that power of the king, came from people, not from God or Divine Right. In conclusion, the Enlightenment changed the way that people thought about science, religion, politics, and laws. We can still see those effects in our lives today. Now, if you were really writing an essay, you would have organized all of your strong examples to use in supporting your â€Å"big picture† analysis that comes from the text and lecture materials. You are ready to write a well-organized, critical thinking analytical essay on the above topic (DO NOT DO THIS).

ECOLOGY, RECYCLING AND CONSERVATION, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

ECOLOGY, RECYCLING AND CONSERVATION, - Essay Example I will then compare my findings of both environments. I will be describing the organism and their habitat, I will also be looking into how the organism lives and feed. I am going to sample an area to investigate on the abiotic and biotic features and link the abundance and distribution of plants and animals to its physical features. I will use food chains, food webs and pyramid of numbers to show my findings. There are thousands of different chemical reactions occurring even in the smallest animals and plants, if these chemical reactions stop organisms will die. One of the main chemical processes that takes place in an organism is called metabolism. The study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms within a given environment is known as ecology. Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance is affected by the interactions between the organisms and the environment in which they live in. All animals and plants are living organisms. They are alike in many ways as far as possessing characteristics of life, but they are also very different genetically and phonotypically. The ways in which they acquire food also varies from organism to organism. Food is what provides animals and plants with the energy they need to live. Respiration – animals and plants require energy to move, to grow and to maintain life. Respiration refers to an organism’s ability to transform energy molecules such as glucose, into actual and usable energy. (Mader, pp. 789) Growth – Growth refers to an organism’s ability to increase in size and mass over time. Typically growth hormones coupled with energy acquired through respiration and normal chemical reactions are responsible for this occurrence. (Mader, pp.876) Reproduction – In order to be classified as a living organism, an organism must be able to procreate members of its own species with

Principles of Micro Economics (Change in Supply and Demand) Research Paper

Principles of Micro Economics (Change in Supply and Demand) - Research Paper Example The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship between the price of products and services and the quantity demanded in a given period, all other things being equal. In circumstances where the price of a product increases, the market responds by decreasing the demand. In contrast, when the price of a product decreases, it is expected that the market will respond with an increased demand. The market’s sensitivity to price is also known as price elasticity (Nelson 574). Supply on the other hand increases the number of its produced units when the price of goods and service increases. In contrast, supply will decrease when price decreases. It is expected as producers are driven by profit motive and they are motivated to produce more at a higher price to increase their profit and is not motivated to create when there is no incentive for profit. Corollary, producers will only supply goods and services at a price that is higher than their marginal costs (Maurya 2). For illustration, let us use the demand schedule below; Price Quantity Demanded 1 100 2 80 3 60 4 40 5 20 According to the demand schedule, for every $1 price increase, there is a corresponding decrease in demand of 20 units. The quantity demand will continue to slide by 20 units as the price increases by a dollar. Figure 1 shows how the quantity in demand decreases with every dollar increase of price. Figure 2 will illustrate the change in demand. The demand changes because the price also changed. The illustration in figure 2 shifted to the right because there is an increase in demand as more quantity is demanded at each price. Figure 1. Change in quantity demand. Figure 2. Change in demand Supply on the other hand increases as the price increases. It increases because it provides producers an incentive to profit at a higher price. In figure 4, it showed that as demand increases, supply also increases. Conversely, supply will also decrease when demand decreases as illustrated in figur e 5. Figure 4. Demand rises Figure 5. Demand falls Supply on the other hand tends to increase as price increase. As figure X will show, the corresponding increase in price is matched with a corresponding increase in supply. So how does the change in demand can affect supply? Demand is elastic and is sensitive to price. Supply on the other hand is motivated to produce more with a higher price. The elasticity of demand or its sensitivity to price affects supply by mitigating its production because higher demand that is a result of lower price does not provide much incentive for producers to supply more (Adler and Dumas 182). This contradicting nature of supply and demand (supply increases when price increases while demand increases only when price decreases) enables the price of a product and services to be established in the market. The price of a product or service is a point where the market is willing to pay certain goods and services at a price where the supplier is also willing to supply which is not at a loss to them (McCall 404-405). This is illustrated in figure 6 where supply and demand met. In the final analysis, demand determines the number of units that will be supplied in the market, thus affecting supply. Figure 6. Price established in the market On occasions that supplier will produce more than what is demanded, say for example in figure 5 where the prevailing market price for a

Who we really are Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Who we really are - Essay Example In the case of a country such as the United States, the exercise of locating and ascribing identities to individuals can be a complex process. A country renowned for being the 'melting pot' of cultures, languages and races, people here can draw upon a range of national, cultural and linguistic heritages. The literary works chosen for this essay deal with such complexities. By perusing these literary sources and by performing further analysis upon them, the rest of this essay will attempt to answer the topic 'Who we really are?'. The question mark in the title is taken as a rhetorical device, meaning that it implies a lack of clear-cut answer to the purported question. In other words, the thesis is that socio-cultural markers used to describe an individual's background cannot be given too much importance and should not be taken as definitive of the person; there are dangers and risks in doing so, and there are many advantages in treating identity as a fluid concept. (Evidence/Support 1) In the write-up The People In Me by Robin D. G. Kelley, the author talks about his own multicultural background and in the process makes a valid observation about Americans in general: â€Å"Although folk had trouble naming us, we were never blanks or aliens in a "black world." We were and are "polycultural," and I'm talking about all peoples in the Western world. It is not skin, hair, walk, or talk that renders black people so diverse. Rather, it is the fact that most of them are products of different "cultures" - living cultures, not dead ones. These cultures live in and through us every day, with almost no self-consciousness about hierarchy or meaning. "Polycultural" works better than "multicultural," which implies that cultures are fixed, discrete entities that exist side by side in a kind of zoological approach to culture. Such a view obscures power relations, but often reifies race and gender differences† (Kelley, 2011, p.483) (Evidence/Support 2) The above passage c learly illustrates how identities work in real-life as opposed to how governmental institutions perceive of them in their census statistics. Indeed, 'polycultural heritage' seems the more plausible characteristic of individual identity, as opposed to rigid categorizations. Similarly, in the poem Executive Order 9066 by Dwight Okita, what we see is an instance of the malleability of one's identity - in this case particularly that of national identity. Fourteen year old Ozawa, who is of Japanese descent, is nevertheless fully acculturated as an American girl. And this reflects in her food habits and other interests. (Okita, 2011, p.187) The poem does remind us of the dangers associated with stereotyping through the example of Denise O'Connor's hostile reaction to her friend Ozawa's heritage. For example, at the tender age of 14, young Ozawa must have found it extremely distressing to have been rebuked, snubbed and treated as a criminal by her closest friend Denise. Even if some member s of the Japanese American community had been spying for the benefit of a war enemy, it is totally not acceptable to include children in the suspects' list, let alone the entire community. The rounding up of Japanese Americans during the Second World War is a real event, albeit a disgraceful one in American history. Hence the poem by Dwight Okita has socio-historical significance. And the lesson we can take away is this: the government's distrust of a section of the population is a gross violation of basic rights of its citizens. And Denise's adverse reaction toward Ozawa is just one example of the unfairness of it. In this case of unwarranted distrust, the victimizers were the ones who acted and felt indignant toward the victims. With the unraveling of more information, it

A theroretical written paper ( discuss Howard Gardner's intelligence Essay

A theroretical written paper ( discuss Howard Gardner's intelligence theory. How could the teacher implement the theory to ensure that all pupils needs are addressed - Essay Example The hands-on experience is gained as a teacher heightened my interest in the acquisition of language, the development of learning modes and revolution of teaching methodology. Thus stated, this paper purposes to discuss the Gardner’s multiple intelligent theory and explore its applications in the classroom environment as well as out of class in a general bid to assist students acquire effective learning strategies and implement them effectively for the achievement of lifelong learning. Vocational students have been observed to have a lower motivation for learning the language. This has resulted into them being less prepared and competent in learning the English language. Even though the author observed that some of her students had inherent and different talents in other various fields for example story- telling, singing or painting, these students were considered to be dumb because of their failure in academics. From the author’s view derived from the teaching experience, she identified a linkage between the basic concepts stipulated in the multiple intelligence theory and the needs of her students’. In addition, these strategies were instrumental in the boosting of the confidence and self-esteem as well as the interest in language learning amongst these students. In his theory, Gardner stipulated that there exists a minimum of seven basic intelligences. These intelligences are named below as Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence, Musical Intelligence, Visual/Spatial Intelligence, Intrapersonal Intelligence, Logical/Mathematical Intelligence, Interpersonal Intelligence, and lastly Bodily/Kinaesthetic Intelligence. Gardner came up with an eighth intelligence in the year 1996 and labelled it the naturalist intelligence. In developing this eighth intelligence, in his own words, he stated that â€Å"it is not if you are smart, but how you are smart† (Gardner, 1983). A criterion has been developed by Gardner in

Empire of the Wolves (2002) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Empire of the Wolves (2002) - Term Paper Example This movie is based on a novel by Jean Christophe Grange and tells a story of young idealistic police captain Paul Nerteaux (Jocelyn Quirin) who has just taken over the case of three Turkish women seamstresses in Paris’ Turkish community. Paul decides to get help from retired cop Jean Louis Schiffer (Jean Reno), as he had patrolled the area for over 20 years but is known for his unorthodox methods.            The movie is an investigation about the murders of three women being subjected to an experiment. Though Paul tried to get with Schiffer about the crime he was torn between the judgments of the people about his collaboration on the retired cop who practice the unorthodox way of investigating the crime. Even the doctor in charge of the autopsy has given him warnings about the Schiffer.          The crime was projected in the movie is actually a crime about experimenting with human bodies for new treatment discoveries. It is a form of murder, which is a violation of the law and also a form of violation to medical, or bioethics. What’s so real about this movie is the implementation of the violation of bioethics. In Bioethics, humans should not be part of any technological or any experiments. Experiments should only be limited to a few forms of animals (like mice).   In real life, scientists are truly imprisoned and the license is taken from them if they practice experiments with humans just like in this movie where they use surgeries and implants. In real life, so far, there has been no news about scientists totally doing experiments on humans due to the imposed law about ethics. They are only practicing their findings limited to lab rats, sheep, and other animals. This media product though is not far from impossible to happen in the near future. I say it’s a little bit of advancement of science that violates the law. The investigation by the two cops was a mixture of the orthodox and unorthodox way of doing it. It happens, especially when the officers assigned in such cases are of different principles.

Data Handling Checklist Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Data Handling Checklist - Research Paper Example 1.2 Use data collection sheets to record data from a practical exercise (e.g. measuring temperature change over time) (p264 Chapter 28). Solution: There are a number of methods available to record the raw data. Let here we use tally chart to record the data related to measure the temperature change over time. The data recorded in table 1.2(a) is the raw data about the variation of temperature over time for a hot summer week. 1.3 Identify strengths and weaknesses of different methods of data collection, e.g. tally chart - frequency table (p274 Chapter 28 submit Question 1). Answer. Strengths of Tally chart. A tally chart is a grid used to help clearly show information as it is collected. A good tally chart, -shows the information clearly. -have clear columns and headings. -uses lines to show numbers and a total number to show the frequency. Weakness of Tally chart -Tally chart is not a good option to use for a large complex data collection. -Since Tally chart uses lines to show numbers, therefore for large data the Tally (lines) patterns are not only have an odd outlook but also cover a lot of space. Frequency Table When summarizing large masses of raw data it if often useful to distribute the data in classes or categories and to determine the number of individuals belonging to each class called the class frequency. A tabular arrangement of data by classes together with the corresponding class frequency is called a frequency distribution or frequency table. The data organized in frequency table is termed as grouped data. Strengths of Frequency Table A frequency table can split data into classes or categories. By frequency table the actual number of scores as well as the % age of scores in each interval can be displayed. A frequency table can be used to summaries categorical, nominal, and ordinal data. It may also be used to summar

Empire of the Wolves (2002) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Empire of the Wolves (2002) - Term Paper Example This movie is based on a novel by Jean Christophe Grange and tells a story of young idealistic police captain Paul Nerteaux (Jocelyn Quirin) who has just taken over the case of three Turkish women seamstresses in Paris’ Turkish community. Paul decides to get help from retired cop Jean Louis Schiffer (Jean Reno), as he had patrolled the area for over 20 years but is known for his unorthodox methods.            The movie is an investigation about the murders of three women being subjected to an experiment. Though Paul tried to get with Schiffer about the crime he was torn between the judgments of the people about his collaboration on the retired cop who practice the unorthodox way of investigating the crime. Even the doctor in charge of the autopsy has given him warnings about the Schiffer.          The crime was projected in the movie is actually a crime about experimenting with human bodies for new treatment discoveries. It is a form of murder, which is a violation of the law and also a form of violation to medical, or bioethics. What’s so real about this movie is the implementation of the violation of bioethics. In Bioethics, humans should not be part of any technological or any experiments. Experiments should only be limited to a few forms of animals (like mice).   In real life, scientists are truly imprisoned and the license is taken from them if they practice experiments with humans just like in this movie where they use surgeries and implants. In real life, so far, there has been no news about scientists totally doing experiments on humans due to the imposed law about ethics. They are only practicing their findings limited to lab rats, sheep, and other animals. This media product though is not far from impossible to happen in the near future. I say it’s a little bit of advancement of science that violates the law. The investigation by the two cops was a mixture of the orthodox and unorthodox way of doing it. It happens, especially when the officers assigned in such cases are of different principles.

Elimination of Television Jerry Mander Essay Example for Free

Elimination of Television Jerry Mander Essay Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television Jerry Mander thinks that with television â€Å"there is ideology in the technology itself. † The four claims in this particular article are that: (1) television itself had come to define the people who use it, (2) the forms by which it is used, (3) its influence on people, (4) as well as the other significant outcomes that may later come from its use. He argued that television is a medium or a means through which people derive, process, and build ideas from. He used parallelism in his challenge or rebuttal argument when he likened television to the army. The army’s mandate is to fight wars that necessitate fighting, killing, defeating and winning over the enemy. It does not follow that the generals chosen to lead the army are the kind born to fight and kill, the same way that television was not conceived to breed the kind of people who watch it. In the concept of the automobiles, he used the climatic word order in his narrative argument. He enumerated the consequences of the invention of the automobile, the need for gas, oil to source it, refineries to process the oil, stations to pump gas into the car. Mander used emotive language in his causal argument to emphasize the change cars brought to people, like when â€Å"they evolved into car people †¦. Cars replaced human feet. † Television like the automobile triggers a lot of reaction from its existence and subsequent use. Advertisements are made on television because consumers watch TV, manufacturers make big sales because their products are advertised, and the line goes on. This argument is related to Mander’s take on Advertising. The evaluative argument on the comparison of television to advertising used a balanced sentence with equal and parallel ideas, when Mander wrote that advertising was â€Å"designed to persuade and dominate by interfering in people’s thinking patterns. † Television for its part has a strong influence on people to take a side of an issue, or to change their minds on others. In his concluding argument he takes the strong position of getting rid of television quickly if ours is to be restored to a sensible and rational and free-thinking society basis the above reasons. Reference Mander, Jerry. (1978). Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television. Harper Perennial.

Vegetarian Diet Is It Good Or Bad Philosophy Essay

Vegetarian Diet Is It Good Or Bad Philosophy Essay God has created food in different varieties and there are different ways to obtain it, so it was clearly easy to anyone to differentiate in the way theyre obtaining there food and how they want to cook it and how they want to eat it. For instance we can say that some people might like to have their meat meal from a choose of different categories like well done, medium or rare, but rare makes up for the minority number of people. In other words its just as some people have got the privilege to eat meat some choose not to have a small amount of meat or even any meat at all, these people undergoes the title vegetarians, vegetarians can also be called veggies or vegans but both of the names both lead to a same meaning. Some vegetarians choose to be so in order to avoid the slaughtering and vigorous killing of living organisms and some of them are veggies just because they dont like the taste of a meat itself, also some may be forced to avoid eating meat and thats because of a medical iss ue or any motherly forced environment .Vegetarians and being one of them has its own pros and cons, like for instance its claimed by some people that vegetarian diet is considered to be healthier than a meat including diet but fights and rumors keeps subjecting this case mainly, as for example we can use as a start that a vegetarian diet lacks the mighty highly needed component the vita D12 which is essentially needed by the body and needs to be taken in diet in a way or another and on the other hand being a vegetarian effects the current personnel social life and these people are mostly left singled and alone in our now daily community and are often more criticized than meat eating ones. Another name could be given to non meat eaters (vegetarians) is to be the people who practice not to eat meat, fish and any milk products or even eggs. a commercial name that is currently used by vegetarians is veggies. According to the vegetarian union , the word vegetarian has never been there before 1840 i.e its not an ancient tradition its just 150 years old and the word itself was considered an official word that can be used world widely at the 1847 at a meeting of a society of vegeterians at the UK. Vegetarians are found throughout the whole global world, and they are categorized by different areas,relegions,cultures,and race. For example vegetarians can also be differentiated into two different subsidiaries lacto vegeterians and ovo lacto vegetarians also we have got the Islamic type of vegeterians which are given the name Halal vegeterians.To start with the difference between lacto and ovo lacto its a slight one though but it makes up two complete different communities so lacto vegetarians type are the traditional vegetarians that doesnt come close or eat anything that contains meat nor any dairy products unlike the ovo lacto in which this category of vegans can easily drink dairy products and can still follow the title vegetarians and these are mainly in the western countries so its not like all vegetarians never eat anything living, so coming back to the halal vegetarian which is currently and mainly followed by the middle eastern community (The Islamic community) and this b ranch of vegetarians forces its people to eat meat under certain Islamic laws and the meat or any living thing eaten must follow a certain Islamic procedures without having the free privilege to eat that meat. Some other people are forced ot become vegetarians because of their religion, like jews,Judaism, Jews follow some guidelines that they are forced to follow same as how we mention halal vegan diet in Islam. But in case Jews follow the guidelines in which its mentioned there the types of diet they are allowed to have and which is prohibited to them, this sort of food diet is given the name Kosher. Its also divided into several divisions in which some have meat and some dont and some just have dairy products and some dairy products are not allowed and some are just allowed in small amounts so their aint a single type of kosher diet. A huge step like turning to a vegetarian takes place under a series of vital reasons, it can be because of sympathizing with animals and them being slaughtered, well after all this is not considered the only reason that might make people turn from a normal diet to a vegetarian diet, some just tunr to being a vegan due to health problem or digestion problems like stomach pain or ulcers and the fact that eating less meat doesnt affect the body negatively as much as eating excessive meat can cause to a human personnel. And as discussed by the professor doctor Yasser ashour the dean of physiology that excessive meat and some people stomach sensitive to meat may suffer sleeping disorders,nausea,headache,even diarrhea. So being a vegetarian might also have a positive effect to some people around us excluding the fact of that are they forced to be a diet are they choose to be on their own. However some doctors and therapists may order the human personnel to immediately stop eating meat due to a disease or a tumor. Also meat eating can be limited when a person notice3s that hes suffering from high cholesterol level or high fat level as if he continues on consuming meat and being a meat eater, fat and cholesterol deposition may occur in the main arteries and may cause atherosclerosis and blood clot. Not eating meats stops many important life factors from being in a human life, as the vegetarian diet lacks a lot of meat important contents which is important for normal human growth and normal body functions. Its just like god created goats to eat green food, lions to feed on meat, trees to feed on soil contents and humans to feed on both meat and vegetables ,this must happen to maintain a stable life cycle. Back to meat important components is the vita B12, which is important for cell replication and movment,formation of white and red blood cells, it also plays a vital rule in pregnancy and to maintain the optimum growth of the fetus inside his mum umbilical region. The international vegetarian union stated that vita b12 is needed for optimum growth of a human being and that vitab12 can never be obtained from plants unless these plants are infected, they also stated that the human body doesnt require huge amounts of vita b12 in fact a 1 microgram a day is more than enough to maint ain a constant body fluidity. Which in fact shows the vital importance of vita b12 and that a deficiency in it is considered a huge problem and mainly effects the life of the personnel lacking it by causing sever nerve damages and neurogenic disorders which may lead to serious shocks for ex: Hypovelmic shock in which the body keeps internally draining blood. Although some vegetarians excluded all the above facts and stated that vita b12 can be actually maintained and compensated with a mixture of a nutritional yeast, although in the other hand vegetarians also claimed that the deficiency of vita b12 can be replaced by vitamin pills at which they actually excluded that the vitamin pills itself is made from an organic living content as we mentioned above vita b12 cant be obtained from any diet except a meat containing diet. On the other hand excluding the vita b12 importance vegetarians are also supplemented to a deficiency of an important fatty acid which can only be obtained by havi ng a diet containing fish. It was also proved by the anthropology researchers that humans who were found thousands of years ago who used to eat meat are identified with their large brains than those who didnt eat meat,it was explained in an article Human evolutionary anatomy by Aiello ,leslie christpher dean, It was explained that the main reason to proper growth of body and brain was known by our ancestors by eating meat which was considered the most high source of energy ,power, and calories and in fact was a main meal so as a result of people nowadays claiming to be vegetarians they are the reasons of them having smaller brains and also occupying a smaller mass than our old ancestor due to a decrease in body figure which is caused by a decrease in the main energy source which is meat. Some people turn into vegetarians to avoid the killing of animals. On the contrary, to serve the vegetarian diet, deforestation is needed to provide land for crops. As a result many animals will be homeless; being vegetarian has nothing to do with saving animals. Vegetarian diet kills animals too. Some of these animals are rabbits and mice. Also deforestation may cause soil erosion and water floods which may lead to severe extinction in some animal species and gives room for natural selection and may also lead to the death of water creatures. Another misconception about being vegetarian is that vegetarians live more than non-vegetarians. However, according to oxford vegetarians may live one to three years more than non vegeterians according to scientific researches. Vegetarians diet has decreased cholesterol and fatty acids level and the decrease in diet of meat and fish needs to be compensated by taking nutritional pills, which might be harmful and might negatively affect the personnel health. Socially, vegetarians are afraid of peoples sarcasm since some people see that as an awkward situation. Its only enclosed to adults, but also children are sometimes forced to eat meat by their colleagues or by just some sort of school bully. When a vegetarian is around people may act differently either being so nice and supporting or being really sarcastic. There are several ways in which animals are being killed before being supplied as food for use to easily buy and eat. these ways are divided into 2 main ways Mainstream way in which the animals are firstly stunned mechanically or by gas or even by electricity and then they are left unconscious and moved to another place where their throat is being cut off and then they are sent to the butchers to cut the meat into small pieces or left as a whole to be sold to meat companies or a other butcher shops, this was is commonly used in the uk following the prescribed Eu community of the Uk. This method of killing is considered inhumanly as for some cases the animals may wake up from the unconsciousness stage a might be fully conscious and feel the pain. this method is used with most animals even rabbits and other farmed animals. the other method is the ritual method in which the animal is being strangely hit till it looses consciousness but the darks side of that is that the animal may also gain back conscious before their throats are being cut off and may also suffer which is against the animal rights agencies. At last, it is agreed on that vegetarians are healthier than the non vegetarians due to their highly decreased percentage of fat and cholesterol usage level in the blood but as it is below normal, vegetarians should compensate this deficiency by taking some pills which is extracted from a non animal source. Nevertheless, it doesnt cause increasing their life spam as people may think. On the other hand, the pleasure of having a meat containing diet is being missed by vegans and that there is no religion forbidden eating meat unless it is done under each religions certain laws of eating it. In relation to the above, if animals should or must be killed then not by those painful means mentioned, instead by merciful means that doesnt put them through pain, and for people who are planning to turn to vegetarians take care of the deficiencies and dont let saving animals and caring for them lead u to miscarriage of yourself and ending yourself up in a poorer situation than an animal itself.

assymetric paternalism :: essays research papers

Regulation for Conservatives: Behavioral Economics and the Case for â€Å"Asymmetric Paternalism†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin to understand this article we must first define what the authors mean by asymmetric paternalism. According to the Oxford Dictionary, asymmetric is without symmetry or not divided equally. The definition of paternalism states that it is behaving in a paternal way or limiting freedom and responsibility by well-meant regulations. The authors state that the paternal regulations discussed are those developed on an individual basis. The regulations are designed so that those that are uneducated in a particular area are greatly benefited by the regulations, and those whom are already educated, or fully rational, are not affected by the regulation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To explain asymmetric paternalism, the authors divide people into two groups, those who are fully rational, people with goals, preferences and make decision based on those that suit their own best interest, and those who are boundedly rational. The boundedly rational individuals are those who fail to act in their own best interests and fail to use self-control when making choices. The purpose of the article is to help evaluate regulations which are paternalistic and have the regulations designed so that the set limits and boundaries are the boundedly rational, to help them make choices in their best interest and not make mistakes, at the same time not affecting the rational individuals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The authors focus on four types of policies that demonstrate examples of paternalism, default rules, provision or reframing of information, cooling off period, and the limiting of consumer choices. With defaults, the authors discuss status quo bias. This is the idea that individuals will stick with the status quo, or the existing rather than change even if the cost to change is low. The reasons for this are stated as loss aversion, omission/commission bias, and procrastination. The authors state that the status quo bias effects mostly the boundedly rational because for the fully rational the choice of defaults requires very little effort. Examples of the choices of defaults are more fully explained in the examples of insurance rights, and retirement savings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second example of paternalism is framing and information disclosure. This policy requires businesses to provide â€Å"seemingly irrelevant additional information.† Since the rational individuals have no need for the additional information, they can simply ignore it. At the same time the boundedly rational individual can benefit greatly from the information. In order to illustrate this concept, the authors give an example of the lottery.

Analyzing Danielle Harper’s ‘A Slice of Sleep’ Essay -- Literary Analy

The great screenwriter and director Robert Bresson is quoted as saying â€Å"Make visible what, without you, might never have been seen.† This statement is incredibly true of Danielle Harper’s screenplay ‘A Slice of Sleep’. Harper has created a world full of colour that reads to be a world of bleak darkness as it can be joyfully bright and uplifting. The word ‘journey’ is much overused, but perfectly describes the contents of Harper’s script. The following discourse will be looking at how Harper has followed screenwriting conventions, such as the ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘why’ and ‘how’ and using popular screenwriting theorist texts such as Robert McKee’s ‘Story’ (1999) and Syd Field’s ‘The Definitive Guide to Screenwriting’ (2003)as guides to analysing Harper’s script. The script is split into three parts; each part is identifiable by a number of factors, the use of the starry night’s sky, the change in room colour collections, the sleeping patterns of the characters and the change of tone in the voice-over. Harper’s screen play is a theoretically unconventional collective of scenes, which primarily focus’ on the sleeping behaviour of its habitants’. Characterisation is dictated throughout by the colour schemes of the various abodes. ‘A slice of Sleep’ offers a sociological view of a cross section of society, which is enabled by the use of abstract characterisation. The first two sections of the screenplay take place within single rooms, mainly bedrooms. These rooms have all carefully been colour coordinated to differentiate between the different scenes; this also allows the tone of the scene to be set. Harper states in her covering letter how she wanted to create â€Å"pronounced distinction instantly between the different segments of the scrip... ...that is strengthened by the use of a narrator, whose changes in tone match the production design revealing an intimate and thought provoking tale. Reference List Books- McKee, R, 1999. Story. 1st ed. London: Methuen Publishing. Field, S, 2003. The Definitive Guide to Screenwriting. 1st ed. London: Random House Publishing. Journals- Rodman, Howard. â€Å"What a Screenplay Isn’t.† Cinema Journal, [Online]. 45.2. Winter 2006.86-89.Available at http://www.jstor.org [Accessed 02 April 2012. Websites- Screenplayology.2012.screenplayology.[ONLINE]Available at: http://www.screenplayology.com/.[Accessed 31 March 12] Screen Writers Utopia. 2012. 127 Hours Three Act Structure. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.screenwritersutopia.com/2012/03/18/127-hours-3-act-structure/. [Accessed 01 April 12] Films- Pulp Fiction.1994 [DVD] Quentin Tarantino. USA: Miramax