Classification of Fraud Cases - 1382 Words

Introduction Frauds include an array of irregularities or errors and illegal acts characterized by deliberate deception against truth, justice, and equity. Frauds are word that has many definitions. Fraud is defined in Webster’s New World Dictionary as â€Å"international deception to cause a person to give up property or some lawful right† (International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2011) Besides, fraud is defined in Black’s Law Dictionary as â€Å"a knowing misrepresentation of the truth or concealment of a material fact to induce another to act to his or her detriment† in 2004. There has distribution of losses more than $1,000,000 in 2012 which is 20.6%. Moreover, 55.5% of distribution of losses is less than $200,000 in 2012. (See pg.21 Appendix 3) Findings and discussions (a) Fraud Tree According to book of Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting, Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) has offered a unified professional fraud classifier in 2010, and this known as â€Å"Fraud Tree† for classifying frauds. (See pg.20 Appendix 1) It categorizes the individual fraud schemes into some classification model of categories, subcategories, and micro categories. Furthermore, there have three main categories consist of asset misappropriation fraud, corruption and fraudulent financial reporting. Besides, each category of fraud has unique characteristics. (See pg.21 Appendix 2) The 2012 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse analysed 1,388Show MoreRelatedData Mining And Knowledge Discovery1661 Words   |  7 Pagespreprocessing, inference, complexity of discovered structures, and updating. The Data mining have many techniques for extracting dataset like Clustering, Classification, Regression, and Association Rule Learning. The clustering technique is the task of discovering structures in homogeneous data to be in one group, there the classification technique is the task of generalizing structure to applied it in for new data. And Regression is the effort of finding a task which model the data with lessRead MoreThe Auditor s Responsibility For Detecting Fraud1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe main issue in this case is that in the standard audit reports that go with the financial statements, â€Å"the auditor’s responsibility for detecting fraud is not discussed (Mancino, 1997)†. This is occurring because â€Å"auditors do not examine every transaction that happens or event and that would mean there is no guarantee that all material misstatements, whether caused by error or fraud could be detected (Mancino, 1997)†. There should be a spot on the audit report that states the auditor’s rolesRead MoreInternational Classification Of Diseases ( Icd )1680 Words   |  7 Pagesevent†1 Risk management in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) could be defined as ICD’s structured approach to managing uncertainty, related to threat, through a sequence of human activities including: risk assessment, strategies development to manage it, and mitigation of risk, using managerial resources by HIPAA-covered entities. 2 What is International Classification of Diseases (ICD)? ICD is the international standard diagnostic classification for all general epidemiological (the patternsRead MoreIcd 10 : A System Of Medical Classification Of Diseases1593 Words   |  7 PagesICD-10 stands for International Classification of Diseases, Revision 10. ICD-10 is a revision of the ICD-9 system which physicians and other providers currently use to code all diagnoses, symptoms, and procedures recorded in hospitals and physician practices. There are two main types of ICD-10 coding books, the International Classification of Diseases, Revision 10, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) and the International Classification of Diseases, Revision 10, Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS)Read MoreTrolley Dodgers Case Essay examples1574 Words   |  7 PagesCASE STUDY: THE TROLLEY DODGERS 1. Identify the key audit objectives for a client’s payroll function. Comment on both objectives related to tests of control and those related to tests of control s and those related to substantive audit procedure. The key audit objectives for client’s payroll function in this Trolley Dodgers Case are: i. Occurrence ii. Completeness iii. Accuracy iv. Posting Summarization v. Classification vi. Timing i. Key Audit Objective : Occurrence DodgersRead MoreA Survey Of Image Processing Techniques For Identification Of Printing Technology1191 Words   |  5 Pages roughness of the text, grey level co-occurrence matrix, perimeter of edge is being highlighted. In this paper, we have focused more on one of the recent contribution which is, Gaussian Variogram Model (GVM) for the classification of the paper. Index Terms— Technique classification, document forensics printing, spatial statics, image processing. 1. INTRODUCTION We can define document thatRead MoreIdentifying Fraud Risks Increasing Auditor Liability1118 Words   |  5 PagesIdentifying fraud risks increasing auditor liability (chosen article): Since the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the economic downfall following the financial scandals of Enron, Tyco and WorldCom, there has been a heightened expectation fallen upon auditors. The public relies on the auditing profession to detect fraud and material misstatement and potentially prevent economic disasters, similar to what occurred in the early 2000’s. As auditors are required to provide due diligent care toRead MoreWhy Did It Take The Internal Auditors More Than A Year?780 Words   |  4 Pages Auditing Questions: Why did it take the internal auditors more than a year to dictate the classifications? In May, 2002, Cynthia Cooper, WorldCom s internal auditor, discovered the treatment of line costs as capital expenditures. The internal auditor discussed the mistreatment with the CFO (chief financial officer), Scott D. Sullivan, and the company s controller, David F. Myers. Prior to or on June the 12th, the matter was reported to the head of the auditRead MoreThe Classification Of Native Americans1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe classification of Native Americans by the United States government has long produced tension. Native Americans within the United States are classified using standards that differ from those used to classify other racial or ethnic minorities, specifically African Americans. While, historically, the classification of African-Americans as relied upon the â€Å"one-drop† rule, the classification of Native Americans over the past hundred years has relied upon varying, complicated, and ultimately arbitraryRead MoreUnit One Assignment : Fraud Basics87 9 Words   |  4 PagesIroda Yakubova Unit One Assignment: Fraud Basics 1. In my opinion, non-shareable financial need is the most important in causing executives, managers, and employees to commit occupational fraud. The proxies become â€Å"criminals on trust† in the case of they start to have financial difficulties, which they cannot share with nobody. They think that available option to perform completely secret financial fraud and able to give an explanation to their behavior in a given situation, allowing to reconcile

The Fifteenth Amendment Free Essays

The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote-based on that citizen’s â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude†. It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments. In the final years of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed, Congress repeatedly debated the rights of the millions of black former slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fifteenth Amendment or any similar topic only for you Order Now By 1869, amendments had been passed to abolish slavery and provide citizenship and equal protection under the laws, but the narrow election of Ulysses S. Grant to the presidency in 1868 convinced a majority of Republicans that protecting the franchise of black voters was important for the party’s future. After rejecting more sweeping versions of a suffrage amendment, Congress proposed a compromise amendment banning franchise restrictions on the basis of race, color, or previous servitude on February 26, 1869. The amendment survived a difficult ratification fight and was adopted on March 30, 1870.United States Supreme Court decisions in the late nineteenth century interpreted the amendment narrowly, and by 1910, most black voters in the South faced obstacles such as poll taxes and literacy tests, from which white voters were exempted by grandfather clauses. A system of whites-only primaries and violent reprisals by groups such as the Ku Klux Klan also suppressed black participation.In the twentieth century, the Court interpreted the amendment more broadly, striking down grandfather clauses in Guinn v. United States (1915) and dismantling the white primary system in the â€Å"Texas primary cases† (1927–1953). Along with later measures such as the Twenty-fourth Amendment, which forbade poll taxes in federal elections, and Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966), which forbade poll taxes in state elections, these decisions significantly increased black participation in the American political system. How to cite The Fifteenth Amendment, Papers

A Scientific Comparison Between Voltaire free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Micromegas And Mary Shelley # 8217 ; s Frankenstein Or The Modern Prometheus Essay, Research Paper Science Fiction, compactly defined, is a literary genre by and large characterized in signifier as a universe of overdone play which argues a societal commentary utilizing current scientific cognition as its grounds. From the outgrowth in the eighteenth century of modern Science Fiction to the # 8216 ; birth of the book # 8217 ; in the nineteenth century, each period is distinguishable, yet at times similar, in their several techniques of elucidation. From the eighteenth century, Voltaire # 8217 ; s Micromegas, in its extremely ironical signifier, is a perfect presentation of the clip # 8217 ; s combination of sarcasm and disaffection ; while from the nineteenth century, Mary Shelley # 8217 ; s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, is a lampoon of Gothic literature and of Oedipus Rex. Ultimately, eighteenth century Science Fiction uses sarcasm and disaffection while 19th century Science Fiction deals chiefly with a lampoon of the Oedipus Complex. We will write a custom essay sample on A Scientific Comparison Between Voltaire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Micromegas, Voltaire uses scientific discipline to show the philosophic impression that there is an absurdness to human beliefs and actions. His work suggests that our chief mistakes and frailties are built-in to our inaccurate and ill-conceived reason. By mocking and minimizing these mistakes utilizing sarcastic and dry devices which logically and scientifically back up each other, Voltaire s work allow people to see the incoherency of their ain though. He demonstrates this by noticing on the absurdness of war and God: Those sedentary and faineant savages, who, From their castles, give orders for slaying A million of work forces and so solemnly thank God for Their success ( RABKIN, 67 ) . At the root of his societal unfavorable judgment is a plan of reformation. Voltaire s greatest tool in Micromegas is his ability to utilize disaffection to do the earnestness of his statement felt without taking the sarcastic undertones of his sarcasm. The usage of disaffection allows his points to be to the full expressed without piquing the reader. For case, Voltaire strongly objects to the metaphysical and theological positions of the universe ; our psyche is neither religious nor immortal, instead, our kernel is based in our ideas. He suggests that we must consciously make a division between our religion and our powers of ground because it is impossible to of all time cognize the omnipotent, omniscient, and ageless nature of God. Alternatively, the key to a proper apprehension of our being will come from an probe of the unchangeable Torahs of our existence that Voltaire demonstrates through his description of a human psyche: The psyche is flawlessness and ground, holding power To be such as it is [ ] The psyche [ , ] is a pure spirit Or intelligence, which has received before birth all the Metaphysical thoughts ; but after that event it is obliged To travel to school and larn afresh the cognition It hath lost ( RABKIN, 68 ) . This anti-clerical construct could be found by many to be violative, but by utilizing disaffection to make an alter-reality, its non a direct onslaught but the lesson is still learnt. Therefore, Voltaire, by denouncing the lip service of Scholasticism, provides people with a opportunity for independency of idea ; he allows people an chance to step outside of themselves and judge wether or non his commentary has merit. Ultimately, 18th Cent ury Science Fiction is characterized by satirical authorship every bit good as the tecknique of utilizing disaffection. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, is really distinguishable of the eighteenth Century manner of Science Fiction which is typified by Voltaire s work ; it is a lampoon of creative activity and of the Oedipus Complex. This narrative is about a scientist who tries to re-create the work of God and startle an inanimate object to give it awareness. Shelley turns Frankenstein s creative activity into his Doppleganger, a mirror image of the ego. In the book, Godhead and creative activity are truly merely one self-reflecting different sides of human personality. Each portions similar hurting and agony: Frankenstein is trapped in somberness, unable to interrupt free from the desperation that his creative activity is doing him ; and his creative activity, being cold and therefore cursed to populate a alone and suffering life. Because the creative activity is brooding of her position on scientific discipline and its benefits or deficiency thereof, the suffering life that bot h are doomed to populate suggests that she believes scientific discipline is traveling to hold a negative consequence on the universe. From the position of the Oedipus Complex, the relationship between both Frankenstein and his creative activity is strongly brooding of the relationship Oedipus has in his household. Frankenstein, being the male parent figure, is infinitely pursued by his creative activity ( Oedipus ) . The creative activity is looking for company, and his male parent refuses to construct him comrade and even destruct all the attempts that he had antecedently made: As I looked upon him his visage expressed The extreme extent of maliciousness and perfidy. I thought with a esthesis of lunacy my promise Of making another like to him, and trembling With passion, torus to patch the thing on which I was Engaged. The wretch saw me destruct the animal On whose future being he depended for felicity, And, with a ululation of evilish desperation and retaliation, Withdrew ( RABKIN, 117 ) In this instance, the Creation is contending over the right to hold a adult female placed in his life and when Frankenstein refuses his creative activity says that he is traveling to see him on his nuptials dark. If the creative activity can t hold person to be with, Frankenstein will maintain on killing all of his friends and relations until he does hold. He will go on to destruct the male parent s life until a adult female is created for him. Shelley suggests that the Creation s yearning for a better and more fruitful being is another illustration in which she believes that scientific discipline will turn the established order upside down. Because the Creation represents an abomination against nature, he is doomed to populate a life of homicidal defeat. Ultimately, Mary Shelley s Frankenstein is a nineteenth century Science Fiction novel that is a lampoon of creative activity and of Oedipus Rex. Ultimately, from the birth of modern scientific discipline in the eighteenth century through the nineteenth century, each period in clip has different techniques of exemplifying the peculiar societal commentary. Voltaire s Micromegas trades with a combination of sarcasm and disaffection while Shelley s Frankenstein is a lampoon of creative activity and the Oedipus Complex. Therefore, eighteenth century uses both disaffection and sarcasm to clarify their points while nineteenth century literature uses a lampoon of creative activity and the Oedipus Complex. 3e4

School is a preparation for life Essay Example

School is a preparation for life Paper The facts I used were biased against Ray, because I want society to stamp down on men like that. I think that my newspaper was quite successful in attracting readers. I did put pictures in colour that were eye-catching and I used some factual information and statistics that I think, may have surprised and attracted some readers. I really wanted to include alliteration in my title but I just couldnt think of one. I think that the quality and attention in put into my writing was minimal because of the time-pressure and because of the fact that are other courseworks from other subjects to complete.I have no computer at home and had to use the computer at school, which proved to be a great disadvantage, because it reduced the time that I spent on the computer and thus reduced time spent on this coursework and other courseworks from other subjects. Unexpectedly, I did enjoy making an article, despite all the hard work and research that I had to put in. At first, I was reluctant, to complete this coursework, finally I gave in to this reluctantly and started doing it. I never thought I could write a 500 word article, amazingly when I put my mind to it, I found that my writing had by far exceeded my expectations.The experience I have gained from this article has led me to believe not to become a reporter, and has actually allowed my to fully appreciate the amount of work a reporter has to do, in eve n more time pressure than me. I then realised that some good has come out of the early deadlines that teachers set us, since this will help us cope in real life, School is a preparation for life. Since I myself included many presentational devices in my article, I can fully understand the mechanics behind the presentational devices that professional writers use in newspapers.I also know what the particular presentational devices are implying to do to the reader. I have learnt a great deal from this piece of coursework from the differences between a tabloid and a broadsheet. Broadsheets will try to make things serious and states facts and statistics. Tabloids usually provide information for entertainment purposes and always try to look at the funny side of things. Tabloids are condensed and smaller than broadsheets so that it is more user friendly and portable. We will write a custom essay sample on School is a preparation for life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on School is a preparation for life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on School is a preparation for life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Traditional Medicines Essays

Traditional Medicines Essays Traditional Medicines Essay Traditional Medicines Essay A Research Guide in Nursing Education, 4th Edition. , copyrighted in 1997, 2003, 2006, pg 262 SAMPLING PROCEDURE The researcher will use the simple random sampling wherein the selection of samples on random basis from a sampling frame. Each element has an equal chance or probability of being chosen as subject of the study. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA Statistics is one way of getting the information’s organized. To have a general view of the whole scenario of the study, statistical tool is used. This also includes the scaling system, which is used by the proponents as a technique to monitor the respondent’s interpretation of facts. 2 After the distribution and collection of the instrument, the responses are tallied by using the frequency, mean, weighted mean and ranking. Below are the Formulas used to arrive to the computation used by the Statistical Tool: 2 scribd. com/doc/11757473/Thesis-Chapter-2-3-Final Where n = number of respondents who are perceived pseudoscience T = total number of respondent. Mean = F(X1 + X2 + †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Xn) n Where: F = Frequency that a given X was chosen by the respondents X = Represents any of the numerical ratings 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 represents, excellent, very good, good, fair, poor n = Total number of respondents Weighted mean WM = TFV N Where: TFV= stands for total frequency value N= stands for the total number of respondents The response options were assigned could be determined with equivalents and scale below: ValueScaleInterpretation 13. 50=aboveVery dissatisfied 22. 50-3. 49Dissatisfied 31. 50-2. 49Satisfied 41. 49 -belowVery satisfied Please indicate your response to the following statements. | | Strongly Agree| Agree| Disagree| Strongly Disagree| I have faith in traditional healers. | | | | | | | I believe that their supernatural healing-power is given by God. | | | | | | | I have had positive experiences in consulting traditional healers. | | | | | | | I will recommend traditional healers to my friends. | | | | | | | I consult first traditional healers than true doctors. | | | | | | | It is safe to consult traditional healers. | | | | | | | It does not cost expensive. | | | | | | | | What is your reason/s in patronizing traditional healers as your alternative medication? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________| Your co-operation in completing this study by responding to the following questions would be greatly appreciated. Thank you. Mark for your answer. Name of the school: School’s address: Name: Age a. 35 and below__ b. 36-45__ c. 46-55__ d. 56 and above__ Gender a. Male__ b. Female__ Position a. Principal__ b. Head teacher__ c. Master teacher__ d. Classroom teacher__ e. Others: Please kindly state ____________________ Religion a. Roman Catholic__ b. Iglesia Ni Cristo__ c. Born Again__ d. Muslim__ e. Protestant__ f. United Methodist__ g. Others: Please specify __________________ Current Marital Status a. Single__ b. Married__ c. Separated__ d. Divorced__ e. Widowed__ Number of children ____________ Average how long you spend time in consulting traditional healers a. Below 1 hour__ b. 1-2 hours__ c. 2-3 hours__ d. 3 hours and above __ Past or current health problem/s that you consulted to traditional healers (included your family) a. Nakagat ng hayop (aso, ahas atbp) __ b. Nakulam__ c. Nanganak__ d. Namatanda__ e. Nagpatuli__ f. Nausog__ g. Nagpatawak__ h. Nagpahilot__ i. Nagpasuob__ j. Nagpadasal__ k. Others: Please specify _________________ How much money did you spend on consulting traditional healers? a. Below 100 pesos__ b. 100-300 pesos__ c. 300-500 pesos__ d. 500 and above__

Spinning Hobbies Into Cash

Spinning Hobbies Into Cash We are writers. However, we are not only writers. Our lives are filled with myriad interests and passions. You can use your wordcrafting to turn these into money. The well-known adage Write what you know holds true. Thousands of specialty periodicals exist. Many require freelance submissions to fill their pages with informative and entertaining articles. Brainstorm different avenues for articles based on your interests or hobbies. First, consider exam article ideas that focus directly on the hob Second, discuss specific techniques or skills associated with the hob Third, try the human interest angle. Interview a special person in the field, highlighting their knowledge and expertise. For example, when I moved to Texas, as a weaver and spinner, I brought boxes of fiber with me. A year later, when it all still sat in a shed, unused, I decided to pass the wool along to other spinners. I met Mea Stone, who raised goats and crafted with their fiber. Her story of how she began her hob Another example is my vintage quilt collection. I discovered an old set of 1934 friendship quilt squares in a yard sale, traced the names on the squares, and later delivered them to a museum in Iowa. This offered a wealth of publishing opportunities. These squares turned into a short children’s story, two Quilter’s World articles, and paid speaking engagements at the museum and a quilter’s guild. Do you garden? Do you have favorite plants? Try publications such as: The American Gardener (ahs.org/gardening-resources/gardening-publications/the-american-gardener/writers-guidelines) Horticulture (hortmag.com/submissions) Greenprints (greenprints.com/content/12-writer-guidelines) Do you collect antiques, baseball cards, or comic books? Try specialized publications such as: Antique Trader (antiquetrader.com/contactus/) Journal of Antiques (https://www.antiquesjournal.com/contact.html) Treasures Magazine (losttreasure.com/content/writers-guidelines) Do you spin, weave or dye? Handwoven (weavingtoday.com/media/p/6.aspx) Shuttle, Spindle Dyepot (weavespindye.org/media/wysiwyg/pdfs/WritersGuidelines2.1.08_1_.pdf ) Spin-Off (http://eimages.interweave.com/general/pdfs/Spin-Off-Contributor-Guidelines.pdf) Are animals your passion? Hundreds of magazines exist. Just a few are: Hob Mother Earth Living (motherearthliving.com/mother-earth-living-freelance-writer-guidelines.aspx#axzz3OYcifwia ) Cat Fancy (catchannel.com/magazines/catfancy/writers_guidelines.aspx) Bark (http://thebark.com/content/submission-guidelines) Horse Rider (http://horseandrider.com/contribute/submission-guidelines) Are you interested in health, exercise, yoga or meditation? Spirituality Health (http://spiritualityhealth.com/submission-guidelines) Eating Well (eatingwell.com/writers_guidelines) Yoga Journal (yogajournal.com/about_us/editorial_guidelines/). The possibilities are endless. Do you make jewelry? Travel? Own a therapy dog? How about radio controlled vehicles or model railroads? Are you a woodworker? Ghost hunter? Glass artist? Don’t rely on Writer’s Market as the only resource for consumer magazines. Their listing is only a small slice of the magazines available. Go to the book store and peruse their selections. Stop at local libraries and see what they carry. Check out feed stores, hob Each hob

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum Coursework - 4

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum - Coursework Example ice and professional while showing me what I was required to do, the responsibilities that a nurse should observe, and the code of ethics required when dealing with patients among other things. She encouraged and helped me to become a better nurse. However, as soon as I had understood the environment well and known some of the responsibilities that I was given as a nurse student, she started acting differently. She made me do most of her work especially the daily duties that she knew were less likely to be supervised on a regular basis. She sent me to check on her patients, bring her the files and medicine for those patients and sometimes administer medication to them. Sometimes, she even sent me to bring her personal things such as food and snacks. She said that I was returning the favor she did to me when she introduced me to the roles of a nurse in the hospital and that the roles she gave me would help me become a better nurse especially the fact that I was young. I did not like t he way she treated me because she used and manipulated me but I had to do what she wanted because if I did not, she would have written a bad report for me. I felt that the nurse leader did not value me but only used me. According to servant leadership, the issue of purpose for a leader is to help those under him or her be the best they can be and develop both professionally and personally by cultivating an atmosphere that allows the subordinates to do so. However, the nurse leader’s actions were contrary to this observation by servant leadership. Although she helped me grow professionally, she failed to help me develop personally and never cultivated an atmosphere to allow me to develop professionally and personally (DelHousaye & Brewer, 2004). The issue of purpose in the servant-leader paradigm could have yielded a more beneficial outcome for the leader and yourself in the sense that it could have helped the nurse leader to develop my professional life with humility rather than

RAW #7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

RAW #7 - Essay Example 2. The contracts have terms of reference that vary from contract to contract. â€Å" †¦the terms of a contract providing a foundation for economic ethics acceptable to a diverse set of imaginary contractors (some greed- driven egoists, some deeply religious artruists, most probably in between)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Donaldson and Dunfee 26) 3. The macro- social contracts are based on the assumption that there is rationalism among the contractors as they know the facts that are entailed. â€Å"†¦not afflicted inconsistency or logical confusion† (26) 6. Those who undertake the experimental thought on social contract are not aware of the political and economic preferences of contractors. â€Å"†¦we are confronted with undetermined mix of contractor preferences † (Donaldson and Dunfee 27) The list above shows the argument of Donaldson and Dunfee in relation to macro- social contract understanding. These main points can be used as the basic principles that govern the same kind of

International financial manager of P&G Essay Example for Free

International financial manager of PG Essay The person responsible for international financial management at Procter and Gamble Company (PG) is Jon R. Moeller, an MBA Master’s degree holder from Cornell University (Bloomberg, 2010). Moeller is currently the chief financial officer of PG since the commencement of the year 2009. His career profile shows various important positions he held before finally becoming the company’s finance manager- which demonstrate his skills and extensive experience. He joined PG in 1988 just after graduating. Whereas there are numerous posts he held in the firm during his long-term stay, it would be important to state some of the pertinent positions to his current obligations in the company. From 2007 to 2008, he served as the company’s treasurer. Since the year 2000, he held various positions in Global beauty and Global health, in PG, including being the vice president, vice president of finance and accounting, and manager of finance. Various approaches have been applied in the management of foreign risks in PG. When Bob MacDonald stood to present the company’s growth profile in February 2010, he clearly pointed out the fact that the main element of such growth is innovation. It is rational to assert the fact that at multinational level, the firm is always exposed to risks such as fluctuating interest rates as well as changes in prices of various commodities and currency exchange rates (PG, 2008). On his part when outlining the company’s growth, Jon Moeller pointed out that their main emphasis was creation of increased value for shareholders mainly at the leadership level (CINCINNATI, 2010). This can only be achieved through making the market value share grow in addition to increasing earnings per capital share. In addition, there is need to generate a very strong cash flow consistently. Moller indicated that to ensure increased earnings per share, they were implementing the shareholder value at leadership level. On the other hand, they would enhance innovation and execution to increase profitability of market shares. Consequently, this would create an appropriate environment for prices of goods and exchange rates in foreign currencies.

Ben Jonsons On My First Sonne Essay -- Poem Ben Jonson First Sonne Es

Ben Jonson's On My First Sonne Ben Jonson writes On My First Sonne from a father’s point of view grieving over the death of his very young son. The title alone suggests which time period this poem is from i.e. it is from the 17th century (1603)- when the poet’s son Benjamin died- through the use of language of the time. This poem has been written in memory of a seven year old child whose death has dealt a great blow to a father. Throughout the poem, the use of religious comparisons and words creates a vivid picture of the thoughts running in the mind of Ben Jonson and we know almost exactly what he feels. The inter-relation of father and son in this piece of poetry leads us back to the beginning of the poem. The son, sitting on the right hand of his father, would remind a Christian reader of the Creed, in which the Son 'sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.' What others would interpret from the line-â€Å"Farewell, thou child of my right hand, and joy;† is that a father is bidding farewell to his most loved one and his heir. Again in line 2, when the poet says â€Å"My sinne was too much hope of thee, lov’d boy†, the poem suggests that Ben had taken his son much for granted as if now he possessed him and so loved him too much. It is ironical as he is comparing the love towards his son as a sin. As mentioned, he now considered that, love, his â€Å"sin† which has a deep meaning from a religious point of view. A sin, in the eye of GOD is a bad deed but in this case means a mistake or an error. The language used, hence in relation with religion, exclaims Ben Jonson’s sorrow and love for the child; despite the fact that he is in a way happy ... ...es of the poem. Contrastingly, in Refugee Mother and Child, the mother still showed her love and affection towards the child in the last few days. She cannot let go as easily. Most mothers would in this situation have lost hope and would have â€Å"ceased / to care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but not her. She would ‘fight’ this sorrow till the end. Both poems hence clearly depict the true feelings about the death of a child. We get the perspective from two points of view in either case i.e. from a mother’s and a father’s point of view and the feeling before and after the death of a child. The language used is very specific and has been used in the most appropriate contexts. Sorrow and remorse are the main themes of both poems along with death of a child, yet there is another shadow of a theme i.e. the ‘sin’ of loving the child so much which causes almost endless grief in the end.

Defending the poem

During the time that Phillip Sydney wrote, the appeal of poetry was starting to lose its footing for several speculative reasons.   First, in the 16th century, a few learned individuals were beginning to explore prose, the essay form.   Also, some poets were using the elevated language and verse of poetry to compete and even jest with one another in ways that the general public could not understand.   Finally, the original intent of poetry had been lost – that being a valuable type of oral history, originally in song form.   Many simply saw poetry as a useless art.   For this reason, Sydney writes his Apology for Poetry.The diction of the essay suggests a satirical wit about Sydney which has raised a few eyebrows as to the intent of the work.   Is Sydney defending or indicting poetry, an art form to which he had dedicated much of his life?   Sydney’s essays seem to point to a defense, as the title suggest, with a nice dose of self-deprecating humor tossed in to give it that edge of doubt. Similar essay: Plato's Attack on PoetryFirst, Sydney is moved by the loquacious John Pietro Pugliano to consider the self-love to which people afford themselves and their own activities.   This lecture on horses spawns in Sydney, the recognition that he could, and should, give the same admiration to poetry: â€Å"And yet I must say that, as I have just cause to make a pitiful defense of poor poetry, which from almost the highest estimation of learning is fallen to be the laughing-stock of children, so have I need to bring some more available proofs†¦.†He begins his defense by taking the reader on a walk through history whereby he points out that all great civilizations have a rich basis of poetry.   He compares poetry as â€Å"the  first light-giver to ignorance† and the â€Å"first nurse, whose milk by little and little enabled them to feed afterwards of tougher knowledge.†Ã‚   To insult poetry and poets, he says, is to slap the face of those that hav e given them life.In making this proof he gives several examples.   He argues that the Italians such as Dante Boccaccio and Petrarch used language in a way that aided them in their quest to be a â€Å"treasure-house of science† as did the Englishmen Gower and Chaucer you developed art and beauty through poetry.   He goes on to note that that the revered philosophy of the Greeks were first words from the pens of poets and cites Empedocles, Parmenides, Pythagoras, Phocylcides and others as proof of this assertion.   This did so notably show itself, that the philosophers of Greece durst not a long time appear to the world but under the masks of poets.   He even notes that ignorant and barbaric people had one shred of decency, that being the poetry of their songs.   Sydney concludes this argument by noting that â€Å"So that truly neither philosopher nor historiographer could at the first have entered into the gates of popular judgments, if they had not taken a great p assport of poetry.†From there, Sydney moves to give his definition of poetry which he calls an art of imitation   Poesy, therefore, is an art of imitation,†¦that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth; to speak metaphorically, a speaking picture, with this end,—to teach and delight.†Ã‚   He gives three distinct divisions of this end goal.   The first is to glorify God.   He gives Biblical support for this claim: â€Å"Such were David in his Psalms; Solomon in his Song of Songs, in his Ecclesiastes and Proverbs; Moses and Deborah in their Hymns; and the writer of Job†¦.† The second classification is to deal with philosophical matters â€Å"either moral, as Tyrtà ¦us, Phocylides, and Cato; or natural, as Lucretius and Virgil’s Georgics; or astronomical, as Manilius and Pontanus; or historical, as Lucan; which who mislike, the fault is in their judgment quite out of taste, and not in the sweet food of sweetly utte red knowledge.†Ã‚   He is quick to note that even if these great thinkers are false, they are still gaining knowledge.Finally, his third distinction is the men who make imitations of individuals and themes that should be imitated.   Sydney asks that the reader ponder whether the perfect lover, constant friend, valiant man or just prince could ever exist other than in poetry.   In Sydney’s words, â€Å"These verses allows for people to read and to aspire.   For these third be they which most properly do imitate to teach and delight; and to imitate borrow nothing of what is, hath been, or shall be; but range, only reined with learned discretion, into the divine consideration of what may be and should be.†Sydney ends this portion of his defense of poetry by noting that â€Å"So that the ending end of all earthly learning being virtuous action, those skills that most serve to bring forth that have a most just title to be princes over all the rest; wherein, if we can show, the poet is worthy to have it before any other competitors.†Ã‚   To him, the poet is an indispensable part of the creation of history, art, beauty and mankind.In his next section, Sydney compares the poet to the historian and the philosopher.   Here he notes that the poet is the perfect blend of both – thus continuing to truly defend poetry.   He notes that the historian can show people the true and exact picture, but questions whether that is really what the people want to see.   Then he notes that philosophers deal in such abstractions that nobody can really understand what they are saying.   Sydney argues that â€Å"the philosopher teacheth, but he teacheth obscurely, so as the learned only can understand him; that is to say, he teacheth them that are already taught†Ã‚   and that, likewise, â€Å"the best of the historian is subject to the poet.†Ã‚   Thus, he places the position of the poet over them both.Next, Sydney takes a witty look at what types of poetry could be found lacking with some of these individuals.   He proposes that they dislike the pastoral for its simple country views, but satirically counters that â€Å"sometimes, under the pretty tales of wolves and sheep, can include the whole considerations of wrong-doing and patience.†Ã‚   He similarly examines lyric, iambic, comic, satiric, and heroic poetry, finding in each a reason for their prevalence.Sydney continues his satiric swat at these â€Å"poet haters† by intending to discover why, exactly, they hate poetry.   He decides that they seek praise by insulting others and wittily offers that the best way to do this is actually through poetry.   His insulters offer four arguments against poetry which Sydney humorously defends, as if they were not much to deal with in the first place.   They are:o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that there being many other more fruitful knowledge, a man might better spend his time in them than in thi s.o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that it [poetry]is the mother of lies.o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that it is the nurse of abuse, infecting us with many pestilent desireso  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   that Plato banished them out of his CommonwealthSydney categorically addresses each.To the first he says that â€Å"no learning is so good as that which teacheth and moveth to virtue,† and poetry leads to both.   To the second argument he asserts that â€Å"they [historians, philosophers, doctors, etc] should be the principal liars,† noting the frequent mistakes made in medicine, astronomy and the like.   To the third argument, he argues that many other things abuse equally, or more so, than poetry. He asks the following series of rhetorical questions in response:Doth not knowledge of law, whose end is to even and right all things, being abused, grow the crooked fosterer of horrible injuries? Doth not, to go in the highest, God’s word abused breed heresy, and his name abus ed become blasphemy?These lines show that any good institution can be abused and can be used to abuse.   It is the people that abuse, not the poetry.   Finally, he allows that he has great reverence for Plato, but notes that philosophers naturally hate poets and that banishing Plato from the commonwealth may not have been such a bad thing after all.Sydney ends his defense of poetry by showing the nay-sayers what will happen in a world without poetry:But if—fie of such a but!—you be born so near the dull-making cataract of Nilus,   that you cannot hear the planet-like music of poetry; if you have so earth-creeping a mind that it cannot lift itself up to look to the sky of poetry, or rather, by a certain rustical disdain, will become such a mome, as to be a Momus of poetry; then, though I will not wish unto you the ass’ ears of Midas, nor to be driven by a         poet’s verses, as Bubonax was, to hang himself; nor to be rimed to death, as is sa id to be done in Ireland; yet thus much curse I must send you in the behalf of all poets:—that while you live in love, and never get favor for lacking skill of a sonnet; and when you die, your memory die from the earth for want of an epitaph.Even though Sydney uses satirical wit, humor and even a bit of self-deprecation, he is still adamantly defending the art of poetry now and throughout time.

Cons of Playing Video Games Essay

Video game is a series of 2D or 3D world created by author or editor to allow public experience by representing as a person or animal inside. In my humble opinion, playing video games have more cons than pros. My essay will tell you that playing video games have more cons because it wasting time, cause indulgence, side effect on body health and cause volatility. In the 21 century, video games not only available for boys, it is also already become part of the girl’s life style. Although most of the teenagers like to play video games, but playing video games is actually wasting our time. Commonly, video game is story style and continuously. So, we will need a lot of time to finish one chapter or complete a task. Regarding to that, our time to doing our homework or revision becomes less. Students may be scolded by teacher or being demerit for not completing their homework. Finally, the result of the students may be affected. Playing video games will also cause indulgence. The interesting story lines encourage people to indulge in video games. They usually play the video games until forget to eat, wash and rest. Some of them even play the video games until the whole day. This endangers one person life. Among these few month, there are report on teenager die in front of computer and the causes of death is due to play video games three days non-stop. The main reason is do not have enough rest. Besides that, playing video games for long term will also cause side effect or negative effect on body health. One of the effect is eating without follow the actual time. When playing video games, a person will always play until forget the time and miss out the lunch time and dinner time. Sitting in front of the computer for a long period of time without moving will also increase the risk of obesity and give burden to the spiral cord. Tiredness of eye and fingers are also caused by looking at the screen and typing for too long, At the other sides, video games also encourage teenager to involve in volatility. Many of the video games contain volatile issues like video games that involving fight and guns. If a person cannot control himself, he will slowly follows the attitude of the character inside and involves in volatile. Teenager probably will also unable to come back to reality world as the illusion world in video games are always perfect as it can be change according our favorable. In conclusion, playing video games have more cons than pros. Teenagers must not be besotted video games too much. In fact, they should spend their time on enjoying their teenager’s life.

FBA Reflection Essay Example

FBA Reflection Essay Example FBA Reflection Essay FBA Reflection Essay What are the strengths of using the ABA/PIP process for Improving behavior? This Is the first time I have ever used the ABA/PIP process. I found the structure and breakdown of the assessment categories very helpful for organizing data collected. Also this process can be extremely helpful for supplying information if needed to an PIPE for the future. B. Are there drawbacks to the system? If so, what are they and what could be done instead? I think there are two drawbacks with the ABA/PIP process. The first and most important in my opinion is the length of time that is needed to complete the process. The data collection is time consuming and requires lots of documentation. The second issue I have with this process is I believe it may draw focus away from the instruction a teacher Is giving. I think that If a teacher Is trying to chart behaviors correctly mentally, this Is distracting to the teaching process. Even though It may be minimal, this distraction still exists. C. Describe your own learning In completing the p recess. I learned a lot from this assignment; however I think two aspects were extremely important to the ABA/PIP process. I learned to be very specific when describing behaviors. Explain the behaviors in a way that another person can walk into your room and be able to identify that same behavior without question. Another important thing I learned from this assignment is to only record what you observe. I have to make a real effort to not draw conclusions. The ABA/PIP is about recording observed behaviors and conclusions are not facts. : D. How does the process support student behavioral learning? The ABA/PIP supports behavioral learning because it allows the teacher and support staff to come up with ways of dealing with the behavior problem. The staff can look at the data and find different interventions to help the student extinguish the unwanted behaviors. Some of these interventions can involve changing the seating arrangement, implementing a reward system, or moving a student to a different instructional area. E. Who should be involved in the process? There are a number of people that should be involved with the ABA/PIP process. Any teachers Involved with the students education should be there. Mainly the general education and special education teachers If applicable. At least one of the students parents should be Involved. Any professionals that work with the student can be Involved such as TO, Speech and Language Therapists, Psychologists, Guidance Councilor, and Social Worker. Basically, anyone who can be helpful in the ABA/PIP process if needed. F. How would this information impact student study team decisions? The ABA/PIP impacts the student study team by offering the data needed to implement different interventions. The team evaluates the information supplied and formulates intervention to discourage the behaviors in the least possible intrusive way possible for the student. G. How would this information impact student eligibility for special education services? If a student does not currently have an PIPE the ABA/PIP can provide excellent data to begin the process. If all interventions fail and the student continues to display the behaviors, the study team can requests the student move to the next step of being tested for an PIPE. The ABA/PIP shows the students progression with the behavior and provides a lot of background information to help the PIPE process along. H. How can information from an ABA/PIP be incorporated into an PIPE? The ABA/PIP can be incorporated into an PIPE by simply attaching it to the PIPE itself. Or the ABA/PIP information can be used to help diagnose an BED student which could be part of the PIPE.

Bill of Attainder Definition

Bill of Attainder Definition A bill of attainder – sometimes called an act or writ of attainder or an ex-post facto law – is an act of a government’s legislature that declares a person or group of persons guilty of a crime and prescribing their punishment without the benefit of a trial or judicial hearing. The practical effect of a bill of attainder is to deny accused person’s civil rights and liberties. Article I, Section 9, paragraph 3, of the U.S. Constitution prohibits the enactment of bills of attainder, stating, â€Å"No Bill of Attainder or ex-post facto Law will be passed.† Origin of Bills of Attainder Bills of attainder were originally part of English Common Law and were typically used by the monarchy to deny a person’s right to own property, the right to a title of nobility, or even right to life. Records from the English Parliament show that on January 29, 1542, Henry VIII secured bills of attainder that resulted in the executions of a number people holding titles of nobility. While the English Common Law right of habeas corpus guaranteed fair trials by a jury, a bill of attainder completely bypassed the judicial procedure. Despite their obviously unfair nature, bills of attainder were not banned throughout the United Kingdom until 1870. US Constitutional Ban of Bills of Attainder As a feature of English law at the time, bills of attainder were often enforced against residents of the thirteen American colonies. Indeed, outrage over the enforcement of bills attainder in the colonies was one of the motivations for the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution. The dissatisfaction of Americans with British attainder laws resulted in their being prohibited in the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1789. As James Madison wrote on January 25, 1788, in the Federalist Papers Number 44, â€Å"Bills of attainder, ex-post facto laws, and laws impairing the obligations of contracts, are contrary to the first principles of the social compact, and to every principle of sound legislation. ... The sober people of America are weary of the fluctuating policy which has directed the public councils. They have seen with regret and indignation that sudden changes and legislative interferences, in cases affecting personal rights, become jobs in the hands of enterprising and influential speculators, and snares to the more-industrious and less-informed part of the community.† The Constitution’s ban of the use of bills of attainder by the federal government contained in Article I, Section 9 was considered so important by the Founding Fathers, that a provision banning state law bills of attainder was included in the first clause of ​Article I, Section 10. The Constitution’s bans of bills of attainder at both the federal and state level serve two purposes: They enforce the fundamental doctrine of separation of powers by forbidding the legislative branch from performing functions constitutionally delegated to the judicial or executive branch.  They embody the protections of due process of law expressed in the Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments. Along with the U.S. Constitution, the constitutions of ever state expressly forbid bills of attainder. For example, Article I, Section 12 of the constitution of the State of Wisconsin reads, â€Å"No bill of attainder, ex-post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, shall ever be passed, and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate.†

1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

1 - Essay Example The paper is made from trees and is responsible for increasing deforestation which is having serious repercussions on the ecology system. The gradual depletion of the natural resources through deforestation became responsible for the slow death of the plants and animals which were interdependent on each other. Lack of trees and plants is also one of the main reasons for barren land because the loose soil tends to blow away the seeds, saplings and essential minerals which are prerequisite for fertile land. The forest with its tall trees also protects the species from natural catastrophes like storms and hurricanes. There are many socio-economical concerns like growing population, housing problems, water and sanitation etc. that might necessitate deforestation but a sustainable development strategy would ensure regeneration and safeguard of natural resources. It is especially true in the contemporary time when the need for sustainable development has become one of the most crucial factors of our life. The use of plastic goods and non biodegradable products has adversely impacted the ecological system. Through the evolving process of entrepreneurial creativeness, people must make efforts to adopt ‘green’ habits and promote goods and services that are intrinsically linked with environment conservation and preservation. The creative ideas have the power to even transform and add value to the ordinary, old household items and make them into fashion accessories of great beauty and value. The goods made from recycled paper, therefore, need to be used in our daily life to promote sustainable promotion activities. The fast changing socio economic dynamics have created a fiercely competitive business environment and organizations tend to adapt to the constantly evolving business environment. The main objective of any

Conservation managment Plan for Lancaster University grassland Essay - 1

Conservation managment Plan for Lancaster University grassland - Essay Example The institution is known for its extremely catchy setting and environment. The biodiversity of the campus is breathtaking (Cameron & White, 5). This enhances the quality of education since the image of high quality environment enhances good education outcomes to the lecturers, students and staff of Lancaster University. This article is going to survey the Conservation management plan for Lancaster University. The site that is chosen as topic is the universities grassland. Therefore, the article is going to name factors affecting the grassland at Lancaster University, features involved in the grassland, management objectives and rationale for features and/or factors and management action plan and order of priority. Grassland can be described as places where most of the vegetation is grass. Grassland is generally found in all continents since it grows by itself. The only place where there is no grassland is the Antarctica because of the chilly conditions, and mostly the ground is covered with snow thus hindering grass growth (Rich, 28). The University of Lancaster however, has very good climate which encourages the growth of a vast grassland area. Lancaster University sits on a large 264 acre piece of land. The land tenure is slightly above 50m elevation (Cameron & White, 10). The soil that encourages grassland growth at the institution is clay soil. The clay soil is good since it is rich in nutrients however, the soil is impermeable thus water is retained at the surface (Cook, 11). This means that plants that do well are ones that do not have long searching roots like plants. This is the reason why grass does well in this region. In addition, clay soils are heavily saturated in rainy climate w hich means shallow water tables thus water bodies can be easily made through craters. A well known crater is Lake Crater (Rich, 40). Grassland at the University of Lancaster can be said to be improved that is, it has been taken care of unlike

Comparative Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative Advantage - Essay Example It is however, critical to note that this advantage is relatively low as compared to other countries. In sectors like Mineral fuels and apparels, US is comparatively at disadvantage as compared to other countries and may be the net importer of goods and services following in both these categories. Finance and insurance sector also seem to lose its competitiveness as compared to other countries such as Japan and Switzerland. The data in table 5.1 indicates that US may not have comparative advantage in different sectors as compared to other countries. This may be owing to different factors including lack of room for economic expansion during recent years. Further, US economy is believed to be transitioning towards service based economy therefore different sectors of the economy may be losing their comparative advantage as other countries may be picking up from where US firms left the competition wide open for other economies. (Jagdish N. Bhagwati, Panagariya, & Srinivasan, 1998) Japan seems to enjoy greater level of comparative advantage in producing vehicles. This suggests that vehicle production in Japan is relatively cheaper as compared to other countries and Japan can enjoy relative comparative advantage in this sector. As compared to US, Japan is far ahead in producing vehicle much efficiently and at lower costs. Japan also seems to enjoy greater level of comparative advantage in producing electronic equipment and enjoys greater advantage over US. This may also indicates that Japan’s economy is still industrial based with strong focus upon maintaining industrial base of the economy through achieving better comparative advantage. A relatively positive comparative advantage is also enjoyed in the finance and insurance sector indicating that financial sector in Japan is relatively more efficient as compared to financial sector of US. This may also be

Advantages of organizational behaviour in an organization

Advantages of organizational behaviour in an organization Introduction Management deals with people, their ideas and things related to them. In a simple form management can be defined as the art of things getting done through people in groups organized formally [8]. Management is the process where groups of people are involved in performance of organized activities. In an organization with a large number of employees the process of management directs the managers to perform some functions such as planning, staffing, controlling, organizing and directing to get things done by others. Organizational behavior can be used to improve the management practices for influencing the employees effectively and working with them. Management is the key to obtaining organizational effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness depends on meeting the rapid changing requirements of the organization such as having the right people for the right job and at the right time. It helps understand the production and behavioral control in an organization. The study of organizational behavior in an organization has the following advantages: It helps to expand the horizon of management. It helps improve the organizational performance in line with the individual performance which include reward systems, leadership, motivation etc., It helps develop commitment among the employees to achieve their personal goals thereby achieving the goals of the company. It helps to understand, predict and control the behavior in the organization. There are numerous factors that determine the successful performance in an organization, but for our discussion we will consider few important factors which are as follows: Recruitment and Selection Training and development Reward through proper Performance Appraisal System Effective Communication Skills Developing Dedication by Motivating employees Also, there are many factors that contribute to the changing nature of work at organization, but the two main factors are: Current market scenario requires organizations to be more competitive and customer focused, hence there is an increased pressure on the organization The breakthrough in IT and communication is another factor. For example mobile and internet have made work to be separated from time and space. Organizations have changed their focus and their main principles are: Defining vision and values from the consumers perspective Creating a value chain i.e., defining activities and process that add value to customers and link them Remove activities that add no value to the organization. Reducing inefficiencies in the tasks in an organization. These principles have added value to the organization enabling them to respond rapidly to customers needs and supporting change and encouraging innovation. I would also be discussing the various changes in the nature of modern work environment relevant to the factors Ive stated above. Recruitment and Selection[5] Recruitment is process in which a qualified and suitable person is selected for a job in a company. The recruitment process is the responsibility of the HR department and various methods are available for this process such as interviews, aptitude test, questionnaires etc., It is a forming phase and is the most difficult phase for the managers. Let us consider the recruitment and selection process at Tesco. There are different ways through which Tesco advertises its vacancies. It first advertises its vacancy internally through intranet for two weeks. This provides an opportunity for the current employees looking for a change at the same level or for a promotion. Tesco advertises its vacancies on the web at www.tesco-careers.com for external recruitment. It also displays vacancy boards on its stores. For managerial positions the applications are made online. The applicants chosen will have to first undergo an interview and for the final stage they will have attendance at the assessment centre. A waiting list of applicants is prepared by the stores and as the jobs become available candidates are finalized. Specialist jobs as bakers and pharmacists are advertised externally through the following means: Through the web and offline media Through television and radio Through advertisements in newspapers and magazines. As many other companies Tesco also looks forward for cost- effective way of attracting applicants. Though advertising on media and magazines is expensive but sometimes this becomes essential to attract suitable people for the vacancy. Selection can be defines as selecting the most suitable person from the list of candidates who have applied for the vacancy taking into consideration the laws and regulations of employment. Screening is an important part of the selection process and ensures that the selected candidates for the interview will be best suited for the job. There are different stages in the screening process. In the first stage, the selectors at Tesco look through the CVs of the applicants as this briefs the candidates education and job history. A CV helps to assess whether the candidate meets the specification for the job. Screening is followed by the candidate who attends the assessment centre. This process takes place either in store and are run by managers. The candidates are assessed through various exercises such as team work and problem solving. This also provides consistency in the selection process. In the modern work environment, the selection and recruitment process has become more sophisticated and detailed to opt for the best knowledge and skills in the market. The number of screening processes that organizations hold to select the right candidates has increased and also the type of tests have become more radical in their approach. Tests such as psychological evaluation and stress interviews are a common practice in todays work environment. Training and Development Training is very essential for the newly recruited employees. It is also very essential for the employees already employed so that their skills are up to date and in line with the latest trends and technologies. Training is becoming an essential part of every organization these days. Employees are made to undergo training programs in order to maximize their potential to meet organization goals. Lets us consider Barclays for our case study here. Training is a very crucial task for the Human Resource department at Barclays. The main reason for this being the induction program helps employees understand the various policies and the structure of their jobs. This will also give employees enough time to adjust themselves to the environment in the organization together with inducing new ideas and skills in the employees. Training is the most difficult and challenging part in the organization as it is a continuous process where the trainer acting as a change agent makes trainees get familiar with the new organization. The following are the main training aims at Barclay: It helps to increase the level of confidence and motivation in employees It creates a feeling of achievement and personal satisfaction Improves the quality of staff and improves their skills. The above are the contributing factors that the help the HR achieve their goal of making the employees feel a part of the organization. Selecting a suitable a trainer is a very challenging issue as he a middleman between the employees and the organization. The trainer has the following responsibilities. The trainer must assess the need for training the individual and set up a training program for the employee in order to reach the ultimate goal of the organization. He must design the training program. The most important task at Barclays Plc is group participation. Hence the main aim of the trainer would be to encourage this task. The trainer acts as a messenger between the employees and the management. The trainer must make sure that the newly learned skills are being practically applied. He will decide the need for further training on the basis of the current performance appraisal. In the modern work environment employees are keener on keeping themselves in touch with the latest technological development. They always pick up skills and enhance their knowledge quotient so as to face the growing competition in the current work environment. Therefore employing training and development schemes would be easier and would improve the overall quality of the workforce. Performance Appraisal and Reward System Performance appraisal is a process where performance of an employee is assessed in terms of expected goals set for them. On the basis of performance appraisal the company decides promotions, terminations, the level of supervision and the duties and responsibilities to be assigned to the employees. During the phase of performance appraisal the actual performance of the employees is assessed and evaluated. The HRM is responsible for the performance appraisal and it is its duty to pass the information accurately and impartially to the management so that necessary and future corrective measures can be taken. The HRM faces the following issues during performance appraisal: Recognition and identification of an employees strengths and weaknesses. This will help to utilize the strengths more effectively and the necessary steps to be taken to overcome the individuals weakness. In certain cases employees should be given full effort, hence the HRM should identify the problems which are causing this. This also provides information needed for HR planning and act as an input to the HR department. This acts as a basis to make decisions such as strategies and future long term objectives. It is the duty of the human resource management to create a method of performance appraisal and system of reward. The method created should be in line with the objectives of training and development program. Defined standards should be set to measure performance. The HRM should decide who will be using the appraisal method and appraised by the method created. The HRM should gather feedback from the employees about the appraisal method created, this will act as source of boosting the employees morale. This will help the employees assess their strengths and weakness. This will further encourage the employees to do better to get a reward from the organization. Employees in the organization try to do tasks that will not alone get them rewards in the form of bonuses and incentives but recognition in form of certificates and medals and also appraisal for doing something new and innovative. This will help motivate the employees. In the case of Barclays the reward system is very important as this will help influence the employees to do something better and innovative. The reward system ultimately acts as a motivational factor for growth in future and is not an easy task. As this depends on the responsibility and the type of job being done.[7] If the performance management system is handled carefully and properly, leads to outstanding performance by employees and increases the level of motivation decreasing the absenteeism lack of morale of employees. Performance appraisal and reward schemes are vital in todays work environment because employees today are more influenced by the corporate lifestyle and are always in the lookout for better job opportunities and hiked salaries. Therefore it is essential for organizations to keep their employees loyal towards them, and the easiest and most effective way of doing it is performance appraisal and reward schemes. Effective Communication Skills Effective communication is nothing but an art of conveying our message clearly to other people. It involves a lot of effort for effective communication as any error or distortion will result in misinterpretation of message. Lack of effective communication may result in lack of information, misunderstandings, employee performance may decrease which may ultimately affect the companys turnover. Ineffective communication may become a source of conflict and frustrate the employees. The managers inability to communicate effectively may lead to the inability of employee not performing well as per the company demands. This happens when the employee is not aware of what is requested of him and ultimately leads employee dissatisfaction. Effective communication has its own benefits in the workplace. Effective communication from managers to employees will result in the employees doing their job well. A good management style together with a positive communication approach will be quite effective in the workplace and will lead to better understanding between the employee and manager. For an organization to be successful communication should happen both internally and externally. Internal communication: between management and employees. External communication: this takes place between staff and clients. Let us consider Vodafone as a case study to illustrate the effective communication skills[3] Internal Communication[2]: this takes place inside the organization between the employees and management. Here the employees act as stakeholders. This communication may take place in any of the forms listed below: Vertically: this the top down approach which happens from the senior employees to juniors associates. The ultimate goal here is to improve the performance of tasks and make the junior employees understand the companys priorities and requirements. Horizontally: this takes places between various teams and across departments. The goal here is to make sure roles are effectively carried out and tasks completed. Intranet with restricted access to people within the business is a great tool for promoting better communication. External communication[1] :this takes place with customers. Vodafone has laid a principle for communication as We will communicate openly and transparently with all of our stakeholders within the bounds of commercial confidentiality. Vodafone believes that this will reduce the barriers to communication. It makes sure that its messages are conveyed both verbally and non verbally. For verbal communication the company has set contact centers so that the staff can be in direct contact with the customers and further giving an opportunity for its staff to talk to the customers about the issues. Non verbal communication can take place through various methods such as advertisements in television, newspapers and other media, the Vodafone logo. This also acts as a method of determining the position of the brand. Further methods of non verbal communication include SMS to contact certain customers. Sales information can be reached out to customers through literature in the Vodafone shops. The many forms of communication through which Vodafone reaches out to its customers are as below: Promotion and sales material- Vodafone makes sure that the advertising material is correct and follows its Business principles. This also helps the information reaches out responsibly to its stakeholders together with promoting its products and services. Awareness and Information: Vodafone promoted the use of mobile phones responsibly in the cars. It took the complex material and translated the information in easy to understand form and made the public aware of the new law and appropriate use of phones in the car. Explanation and guidance: mobile phones have health effects on human beings. But the latest scientific research has something new and Vodafone needs to convey these findings clearly to the customers. Communication in todays work environment is not only important as a means of better process flow but also as a means to bring all the employees together as a single unit. This is really beneficial when the employees have to work in a team environment. In todays work environment, employees have access to social network websites which are capable to increase the bond between employees and improve their effort as a team. Motivation to dedicate Employees A well motivated staff is a key to a productive and pleasant environment in a workplace. Motivating the employees must be one of the key responsibilities of a manager. An effective management and leadership reflect through effective motivation of employees in the workplace. Understanding the human nature is a key to effective employee motivation. The key to performance improvement in an organization is motivation. Motivation is very essential for any business to survive and excel. Motivation is a skill and must be learnt. Performance can be defined as a function of ability and motivation as below Job performance= function (ability)(motivation) Ability depends on education and training. Motivation has the following seven strategies through which it can be initiated: Fair treatment of people Positive and high expectations Discipline Satisfying the needs of the employees Setting goals at work To restructure the jobs Set rewards and recognition for performance Every organization has its own ways to motivate the employees to ensure that goals and targets are reached [4]. Motivation plays a vital role in todays work environment. Due to the cut-throat competition between organizations, it can be seen as a common practice for organizations to hire their rivals best workforce. So as to avoid that, employees need to be motivated not only in terms of their incentives and salary packages for their physical needs, but also with praise and recognition and better work environment to ease their psychological needs. Obstacles to Effective Performance The main obstacles to effective performance in an organization are as follows: Culture Change Conflict Culture Culture is related to beliefs, values and customary ways of doing things. The main reason for employees leaving the company is cultural mismatch. According to the present culture employees are required to have a clear understanding of short term and long term goals. The employees are required to have a shared vision and values as well as being productive and motivated. The organizational culture is determined by the leadership style and practices in an organization and hence plays an important role especially during acquisitions and mergers. Every organization has a set of values and beliefs. When an employee is exposed to a new culture, the individual goes through a state known as culture shock. When the companies merge the employees from the non dominant company need to adapt themselves to the new culture of the dominant company. Let us consider Barclay Plc for instance. Barclay acquired Lehman Brothers and one of the major issues for Barclay after this acquisition is to take into consideration the two different cultures in these two companies. Most of the employees of Lehman Brothers have left Barclay and a few did not join Barclay. This makes it clear that the employees are not ready to adapt to the new values, leadership styles, beliefs and practices of the Barclay culture. One of the biggest challenges to the management at Barclay is to make employees accept the new culture. The change in culture ultimately has an effect on the motivation level of the employees, their commitment to the organization and their engagement in work. Another consequence of an acquisition is that the individuals from the non dominant organization will feel like loss of identity and the others will have a superior feeling. This will ultimately affect the company achieve its goals and objectives. Another major issue of culture when the two organizations were merged is it will divert the attention of the employees and make the less productive. The attention of employees will be diverted to issues such as job security , feeling of discomfort working with new employees. Job security is the main issue as there will be duplication of departments and to manage the staff, the organization can reduce the manpower. The job profiles may be redesigned which may have an impact on the performance of the employees. The employees motivation, attitude and performance are determined by the culture. Motivation and culture go hand in hand. More an employee is motivated; the culture will be healthier. The key factor to be dealt in any organization is motivation. If an employee is not motivated properly then the employee will have problem accepting the new culture which will impact the individuals ability to do the job effectively and efficiently. The company should have flexible culture if a decision of acquisition is taken. This will allow the new employees to adjust to the new culture. Culture reflects the style of management and leadership. A slight change in the values, leadership style and ideas will help the new employees adjust to the new environment. This is not easy task, but since Barclays has taken a decision of merger it should be ready to consider changes in its culture and leadership style. Change Except for change nothing is constant in this world. Every activity in an organization results in some change. It can have a positive or negative effect depending on the communication made through change. The acquisition of Barclay and Lehman Brothers bought together a huge change in both organizations. New strategies and policies, procedures and work environment were created for work in both organizations. Change should involve people and not be imposed on people. Preparing the employees of an organization for change is a very vital task and it is the responsibility of the management to do this. This can be done through various methods such as through oral communication, via training programs or through counseling. The major reason for the Lehman employees leaving Barclays when the two organizations were merged is that the change was not managed properly. The key principles needed when planning to manage change are as follows: Every person reacts to change differently. Each person is different and has its own perceptions and preferences. A few people always look forward to change and new things and it easy to handle them. But it is a very difficult to handle people who always like things the way they were. These kind of people will experience stress and dissatisfaction and negative attitude towards their counterparts preferences. Every person has his own needs and priorities A few people work just for money but a few for the self and social identification. Change can be managed effectively by designing jobs in a better way through job redesign, job rotation management etc. Managing expectations realistically The organization should make clear to its employees that it cannot make everyone happy at the same time and this should be communicated effectively and realistically. The relation between expectations and reality is very important. The management should do the tasks listed below in order to manage change effectively: The management should inspire people and set certain objectives, goals and values for the organization It should set up a communication network such as face to face interaction so that new ideas and policies can be easily communicated. If there are any obstacles in the way of communication then those should be removed as this will help people accept change. Change can be made inevitable by promotions, recruitments and rewards. Conflicts When Barclays merges with Lehman conflicts were natural to arise as people from two different cultures and two different companies were merging. Starting with small disputes, conflicts may reach to higher levels which will ultimately affect the organization. Since the culture of both organizations is different each will have its own ideas, strategies, perspectives and goals. The different types of conflict that may arise when people of two different cultures merge are as follows: Conflict with boss Since the manager has a more experience and bigger perspective it will not be good to encounter conflict with the boss. In order to avoid such a conflict it is better not to question his authority and any ideas and views should be presented in the form of suggestions. Conflict with colleagues Different point of view will lead to conflict between employees. This can be done resolved through proper communication. Conflicts with the subordinates Conflicts can be handles effectively by one of the following ways: Each person should be given freedom to express their views. Conflicts can be sorted to a greater level by identifying positive minded people. Not everyone may have a broad vision as ours. So communicating and discussing our vision will help keep conflicts away. Conclusion The base of any organization depends on the policy, the values, the vision, the philosophy and goals set by the management. These act as the driving force for the organizational culture. Culture in a workplace determines the leadership style, the type of communication and group dynamics within the organization. The employees in the organization perceive the culture as a quality essential at work which has an impact on the degree of the employees motivation. This ultimately affects the performance, personal growth and self development which ultimately affect the organization from achieving its goals. The above discussed concepts such as communication, motivation, culture etc, make up only a small part of the theories of organizational behavior and theory. The success of any organization is determined by the application of the concepts of organizational behavior in the organization. The best way to handle conflicts in a workplace is to address them through discussions and debates. Conflict can have a positive effect within the organization if it is addressed effectively. A successful manager is one who takes time to address and deal with the conflict. This in turn will lead to a healthy and diverse work environment.

Goodfellas Essay -- Movie Film Goodfellas Essays

Goodfellas (Goodfellas is the film adaptation of the non-fiction book ?Wiseguy?, written by Nicholas Pileggi. The film charts the rise and fall of Henry Hill?s thirty year career within the New York mafia. The film was released in 1990 and was directed by Martin Scorsese. Goodfellas stars Ray Liotta as Henry Hill, Lorraine Bracco as Karen Hill (Henry?s Wife), Robert Dc Niro as James Conway and Joe Pesci as Tommy DeVito. The film begins with one of the most horrific and sickening moments to appear in a film, the murder of Billy Batts. At this point the viewer knows nothing of the background events that run up to this scene. Additionally, the characters are not yet known, so there is no emotional baggage being carried with the characters that might detract from the degree of sickening violence contained within the scene. Even more shocking is the fact that the scene ends with the voiceover by Henry saying, ?As far back as I can remember, I always wanted to be a gangster?. This statement seems absurd after witnessing such a callous murder, why would anybody want to be involved in such things? This is precisely what Scorsese wants the viewer to think, he has drawn the viewer in. Narration is an important mechanism that Scorsese employs throughout the film. The narration is carried out by both Henry and Karen Hill. What this tells the viewer is that the events being shown have already occurred. The narrators are telling the stoly in the past tense. This could have introduced a major problem, by having only Henry narrate throughout the film the viewer would know that He survived the lifestyle. Having Karen narrate as well has allowed Scorsese to introduce an element of doubt into the film, the viewer no longer knows whether e... ...ted when Tommy decides to kill Billy Batts for insulting him. Tommy knows that if it is discovered that he killed this ?made? man, a man that is effectively untouchable, he will be killed in return. Tommy goes ahead and kills him, if he does not his reputation will be irreparably damaged, and his reputation is his life. Scorsese underlines how low these characters are when Henry fmally sits in court and gives evidence against James Conway, his partner, and Paul Cicero, his boss. Henry is in effect a coward, he turns in these people rather than face the consequence of his actions. Henry is doing what he has always done, he looks out for himself. Bibliography The Internet Movie Database http://www.imdb.com EUFS: the film society http:/Iwww.eufs.orE.uk/fiIms/goodfellas.html Review from Cinemania 1994 http:llmembers.aol.com/tonywestoklpnvate/2oodfela.htm

Case Study Team and Team Processes

In the case study Team and Team Processes, Nurse A and Nurse B have two different concepts of what is team work. Johnson (2009) states that,† a team is a type of group. Consequently, all teams are groups, but not all groups are teams. The following three interventions will discuss conflict management, role conflict, and striving toward the same goal. This paper will discuss the case study variances in Nurse A and Nurse B teams. In the following paper I will classify a minimum of three interventions to recommend addressing concerns expressed by Nurse B. The interventions being discussed are conflict management, role conflict, and striving toward the same goal. In closing, the recommended interventions will be justified and explanation. A group consists of two or more people who interact with each other and share a common purpose (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). A team is a type of group (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Teams are a critical fragment of any group, particularly within healthcare organization. Each person on a team plays a vital role in ensuring that all needs are met, task are completed daily, and patients are being cared for properly. Teams are an important portion of any organization, particularly within healthcare. Each person on a team plays a vibrant part in confirming all organization prerequisites are met, undertaking are complete regularly, and patients are properly being cared for. Teamwork and collaboration between all health professionals results in high quality clinical care, and increased job satisfaction for staff (Begley, 2009). When team members disagree on the same goal, usually it ends in conflict among the team. Healthcare managers understand it is important to control and manage conflicts within the organization. The fundamentals to positive conflict management is for both teams to assist in solving the conflict and problem oppose to proving each other wrong. In the case study Nurse B express concerns regarding working with equivalent staff members of the surgical team. The moral and atmosphere of the team is increasingly deteriorating. In addition, the team’s job contentment and desire to go to work has severely been impacted. For a team to be effective providing quality care, the atmosphere of the team should be received and respected. Better outcomes will be achieved when team members perceive supportive team atmosphere and an empowering team contact with clear and jointly developed goals, an appropriate mix of skill and expertise, and rewards links to team performance (Proenca 2007). After additional analysis of the case study, conflict management among team members should always be addressed. Resolving conflict can be a continuous balancing act for healthcare staff because it is demanding and confusing. Conflict management is vital for the success of healthcare organizations. Learning, as an organization, to constructively manage and succeed in conflict situations is a foundational construct of leadership and management (Ledlow, 2009). Currently six different conflict styles exist: (1) accommodating, (2) avoiding, (3) collaborating, (4) competing, (5) compromising and (6) problem solving. The surgical team displays conflict style of avoiding â€Å"potential disruption outweighs the benefits of resolution, gathering information supersedes immediate decision making, others can resolve the conflict more effectively and issues seem a result of other issues,† (Ledlow, 2009). Nurse B instead of having to contract the Physician Assistant regarding the issues, should have been comfortable enough to address the concern with the physician. The surgical team of Nurse B is experiencing role conflict. Conflict arises when a focal person’s ideas of his or her requirements are incongruent with expectations from roles set members (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). In healthcare organization it is important for all staff to know and understand his or her role. For Nurse B team to be an effective and successful team each member should identify what type of teams is essential and mutually allows the job to get done. When the teams comes together the effort will demonstrate group cohesion. Once the team is established, each member must continuously try to strive towards the same objectives and goals. A good recommendation for Nurse B surgical team is Intervention techniques. Intervention always help to improve situations among the team. Intervention can be wither conflict resolution or training sessions, team structure made by changes, and developing guidelines identifying team members roles. Intervention provides training for team members on what procedures are current and procedures no longer being utilized. Goal setting training leads to greater effectiveness at the individual level and improved team efficiency (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). In conclusion, the surgical team of Nurse B will be effective once team’s members identify his or her conflicts and works as a team, consequently refining the effectiveness and value of the unit. In a team, individuals’ actions are interdependent and coordinated, each member has a specified role, and members share common task goals or objectives (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Conflict management and role conflict can hinder the success of a team. Role conflict arises when a focal person’s ideas of his or her requirements are incongruent with expectations from role set members (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Communication and trust is important to any team with a healthcare organization. A key element to healthy group dynamics is role expectation or communication. Healthcare manager’s role is to ensure that every person of the team understands what his or her role are. . Healthcare administrators must take steps to design better teams, train team members to work together, manage team performance, structure the work performed by the team and provide support to team members (Erpfeev, Glazer & Ivanitskaya, 2009).

Family and the Sociological Theories Essay

Since time immemorial, men have been petrified by sociology. The most basic definition of sociology is the study of human social behavior and grouping (Alexander, 1982). Sociology largely focuses on social relationships and the ramifications of these relationships on peoples’ behavior. There have been numerous attempts to understand and explain seemingly challenging situations in a society. These attempts constitute the various sociological theories which are geared towards giving explanations to the various phenomena in the society (Alexander, 1982). It is within the scope of this study to highlight on the impact of the sociological theories on the family institution. Introduction Sociological theories are sets of statements that endeavor to offer explanations to problems, phenomena, or human behavior (Alexander, 1982). Normally these theories are both explanatory and are versed with the ability to predict predictive on some occurrences in society. Essentially such a theory can assist in seeing the synergy among seemingly remote social phenomena (Turner, 2006). The family is the basic social institution and everyone belongs to one. The behaviors of the various family members in one family may be petrifying. There are various explanations of the various behaviors and phenomena in the family offered by the three sociological theories (Turner, 2006). The impacts of these behaviors as explained by the sociological theories are quite interesting and will be studied in this study. The sociological theories in mind are the functionalism, conflict, and interactionism theories. The events of the various members in the family can be sufficiently summarized by the explanations offered by these theories. It is from these events that the characteristics and roles of the various family members are based. This study will highlight the particular impact of each of theses theories on the family institution. Methodology Various relevant literary materials featuring research done on the subject of sociology and sociological theories are studied keenly in bid to reveal on the explanation of sociology and social behavior through the sociological theories. The data gathered and analyzed in the study is carefully studied to shed some light on the interesting history in the impact of the various theories on the occurrences witnessed in the family institution. The studies did not leave behind information which highlighted on the impact of these theories on the behaviors of individual family members and how they interact. The results are collected from these secondary sources, analyzed and presented using the trendiest of modern scientific methods. The interplay between the various sociological theories as they impact the family institution will be highlighted in the discussion part of this study. The conclusion part of the study will involve a recap of the issue of sociology and the sociological theories and the synergy between them. Literature Review Alexander (1982) portrays sociology as a very intricate area to comprehend as it has always being perceived by man. Sociology is perceived in the three major sociological theories. These theories postulate that the occurrences in the society can be summarized by the functionalism, conflict, and interactionism theories. Taking the case of the family institution, for instance, behaviors of the various family members and the phenomena in the family can be fully explained by the various sociological theories. According to the functionalism theory, the family is an anthology of interdependent parts which have a penchant toward a common goal. In the same institution there are functional necessities that must be met for it to survive (Alexander, 1982). The occurrence of some peculiar phenomena is for the purpose of serving a required function in the family (Turner, 1988). In this theory, society is likened to a living organism because both are made up of interdependent parts and systems which function in harmony for the overall functioning of the larger body. Most literary materials concur that each member of the family is pivotal in the ultimate of the successful family union. There are a number of criticisms of functionalism theory presented by some materials. There are several materials which view this theory as indistinct and lacking in sufficient methods. Despite the fact that there are a number of there a couple of materials offering criticism, this theory stands steadfast in explaining the phenomena (Turner, 1988). The conflict social theory contends that individuals and groups in a given society have various amounts of resources and that the more affluent social classes and individuals use their power to take advantage of groups with less power (Turner, 2006). This exploitation is largely through economics or by force. It is this disparity in the society which catalyses social disorder. In the family scenario, the theory is portrayed in the ensuing conflicts within the family members and its serves to offer explanation that this conflict is as a consequence of social conflicts in the family institution. There are a couple of materials which portray the family institution as revolving around the conflict perspective of sociology. In fact the essence of formation of the family is more often than not a function of the couples’ rebellion from the larger parent family (Turner, 2006). Interactionism is a sociological perspective in which human beings are surrounded by meaningful objects and symbols. These meaningful symbols include material things, events, fellow people, associations, and even plain symbols. These symbols are revered as superb and important in human communication. They carry with them common social meaning that is naturally understood and adored by all members of a society (Alexander, 1982). The case of the family presents such a situation where the members of the families are driven by the symbols known and respected by all in that family. The fact that the family as a social institution is made in the interactionism perspective makes the unit stronger and unwavering. For instance the children look up at the prowess of the parents and this fortifies the bond between them. Research Findings In summary the study revealed the following: first it was found that the various human behavior and phenomena are fully explained through the three major sociological theories (Alexander, 1982). In the family institution, functionalism theory is quite rife. It is the same theory which provides the essence of the various family members to continue being in the institution. Every member of the family is supposed to play some very vital role in the attainment of the common good of the family (Turner, 1988). The family life and phenomena is explained further by the social conflict theory. According to this theory the occurrences and events witnessed in the family are primarily caused by the struggles against conflicts in that family. This clearly defines the reserved feelings of each of the members of the family towards each other. Then there is the al important interactionism theory which defines largely the in built feelings of each family member. It is regarded that the family members have grounds of commonality which they look up to. Each one of the family members is deemed to be conversant with these unwritten laws governing the family. They al work and behave in manners likely to suggest that they are aiming at the same goals (Turner, 2006). Research Discussion This study has done tremendous work to highlight on the intriguing issue of unraveling the cause for sociology. In the family institution, the theory of functionalism makes the family come up together in the first place (Alexander, 1982). At some age one feels that they need to have the responsibilities expected of him in the family by marrying. Those who attempt to alter the norm of the duo in the institution by adopting the single parent euphoria at the end of the day find it quite difficult. This follows the coming up of children since the society expects that. The parents look at the children as very important now and in their future old age. The children depend on the parents largely for basic and other needs. This realization makes the two groups stay in harmony since they need each other (Alexander, 1982). According to the social conflict theory, the family comes up in the first place owing to the need of the couple to move away from shared resources (Turner, 1988). They start their own home and live happily. This perspective explains the trend in divorce and such other attempts of reversing the union. They are a consequence of the conflicts in the family. The conflicts between the children and parents define sour relations where the children in this case are said to be unruly and rebellious (Alexander, 1982). The society sees such groups as erroneous without knowing the epicenter of the situation. Interactionism explains a great deal the respect parents command from their children. These children perceive their parents as symbols of success and therefore form a liking for them. Â  This perspective also explains the parents’ initiatives of introducing the children to healthy social ethics and institutions like the church and school. It is from these places where the children will learn to be responsible by heeding those generally accepted symbols (Turner, 2006). Conclusions From the discussion in the study, the behaviors of members of the society are best explained by the sociological theories (Alexander, 1982). Therefore, it is in order to conclude the family institution is largely dependent on the perspectives of sociological theory. These theories clearly and sufficiently explain the occurrences and the behavior of the various members of the family. The failure of each member to participate in the expected duty is quite consequential in determining the satisfaction level derived from the institution (Turner, 1988). References Alexander J. (1982). Theoretical logic in sociology. Abingdon Oxford: Taylor & Francis. Turner J. (1988). A theory of social interaction. Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press. Turner J. (2006). Handbook of Sociological Theory. New York: Springer.